Impact of Prior Chemotherapy on Response to Second-line Pembrolizumab in Urothelial Cancer: Exploratory Analysis of the Phase 3 KEYNOTE-045 Trial.

Background And Objective: Until recently, the standard first-line treatment for advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC) was platinum-based combination chemotherapy followed by avelumab maintenance therapy for patients without progressive disease (PD). For patients with advanced UC who experience PD or recurrence, standard-of-care treatment is pembrolizumab monotherapy based on the phase 3 KEYNOTE-045 study. This post hoc analysis of the KEYNOTE-045 study evaluated the efficacy of pembrolizumab compared with chemotherapy by the best response to prior platinum-based chemotherapy.

Cognitive function in long-term testicular cancer survivors: impact of modifiable factors.

No study has comprehensively examined associated factors (adverse health outcomes, health behaviors, and demographics) affecting cognitive function in long-term testicular cancer survivors (TC survivors). TC survivors given cisplatin-based chemotherapy completed comprehensive, validated surveys, including those that assessed cognition. Medical record abstraction provided cancer and treatment history.

Social Determinants of Health Mediate Racial Disparities in Cardiovascular Disease in Men With Prostate Cancer.

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in men with prostate cancer; however, data on racial disparities in CVD outcomes are limited.

Objectives: We quantified the disparities in CVD according to self-identified race and the role of the structural social determinants of health in mediating disparities in prostate cancer patients.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study of 3,543 prostate cancer patients treated with systemic androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) between 2008 and 2021 at a quaternary, multisite health care system was performed.

Weathering the storm when the end of the road is near: A qualitative analysis of supportive care needs during CAR T-cell therapy in pediatrics.

Background: Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy provides promising outcomes in relapsed/refractory B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), yet still carries high toxicity rates and relatively poor long-term survival. Efficacy has yet to be demonstrated in other diagnoses while toxicity and risk profiles remain formidable. To date, treatment-related symptom burden is gleaned from clinical trial toxicity reports; the patient perspective remains understudied.

Prostate Cancer Recurrence: Examining the Role of Salvage Radiotherapy Field and Risk Factors for Regional Disease Recurrence Captured on F-DCFPyL PET/CT.

Purpose: The role of elective pelvic nodal irradiation in salvage radiotherapy (sRT) remains controversial. Utilizing 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT, this study aimed to investigate differences in disease distribution after whole pelvic (WPRT) or prostate bed (PBRT) radiotherapy and to identify risk factors for pelvic lymph node (LN) relapse.

Methods: This retrospective study included patients with PSA > 0.

Back from the sideline, but back to baseline? A pediatric case study examining neuropsychological functioning after sustaining multiple sport-related concussions.

Most individuals recover quickly from a concussion; however, youth who sustain multiple concussions may be at risk for long-term cognitive impairments. This case study examines the neuropsychological performance of a 13-year-old malewith five head injuries. After his first concussion during study participation (fourth injury overall), several improvements were observed, likely due to practice effects, yet after sustaining another concussion <2 years later,declines were observed in visuoconstruction, verbal memory, and intellectual functioning.

Impact of teratoma on survival probabilities of patients with metastatic non-seminomatous germ cell cancer: Results from the IGCCCG Update Consortium.

Aims: To resolve the ongoing controversy surrounding the impact of teratoma (TER) in the primary among patients with metastatic testicular non-seminomatous germ-cell tumours (NSGCT).

Patients And Methods: Using the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) Update Consortium database, we compared the survival probabilities of patients with metastatic testicular GCT with TER (TER) or without TER (NTER) in their primaries corrected for known prognostic factors. Progression-free survival (5y-PFS) and overall survival at 5 years (5y-OS) were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method.

An Electronic Health Record-Based Automated Self-Rescheduling Tool to Improve Patient Access: Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: In many large health centers, patients face long appointment wait times and difficulties accessing care. Last-minute cancellations and patient no-shows leave unfilled slots in a clinician's schedule, exacerbating delays in care from poor access. The mismatch between the supply of outpatient appointments and patient demand has led health systems to adopt many tools and strategies to minimize appointment no-show rates and fill open slots left by patient cancellations.

Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of an Educational Video for CAR T-Cell Therapy Recipients.

Background: CAR T-cell therapy has transformed the treatment of hematologic malignancies, but it is complex and challenging to convey to patients. Educational video interventions are efficacious for improving patient knowledge about cancer therapeutics and informing their care preferences, yet no educational videos have been evaluated in CAR T-cell therapy.

Methods: We conducted a randomized controlled trial comparing an educational video versus usual care in adults (age ≥18 years) with hematologic malignancies receiving CAR T-cell therapy at Massachusetts General Hospital.

Outcomes of relapsed clinical stage I versus de novo metastatic testicular cancer patients: an analysis of the IGCCCG Update database.

Background: Active surveillance after orchiectomy is the preferred management in clinical stage I (CSI) germ-cell tumours (GCT) associated with a 15 to 30% relapse rate.

Patients And Methods: In the IGCCCG Update database, we compared the outcomes of gonadal disseminated GCT relapsing from initial CSI to outcomes of patients with de novo metastatic GCT.

Results: A total of 1014 seminoma (Sem) [298 (29.

Cancer Control, Toxicity, and Secondary Malignancy Risks of Proton Radiation Therapy for Stage I-IIB Testicular Seminoma.

Purpose: This study's objective was to report cancer control and toxicity outcomes after proton radiation therapy (RT) in testicular seminoma and to compare secondary malignancy (SMN) risks with photon-based treatment alternatives.

Methods And Materials: Consecutive patients with stage I-IIB testicular seminoma treated with proton RT at a single institution were retrospectively analyzed. Kaplan-Meier estimates for disease-free and overall survival were computed.

An Improved Framework for Estimating Organic Carbon Content of Mangrove Soils Using loss-on-ignition and Coastal Environmental Setting.

Unlabelled: The use of loss on ignition (LOI) measurements of soil organic matter (SOM) to estimate soil organic carbon (OC) content is a decades-old practice. While there are limitations and uncertainties to this approach, it continues to be necessary for many coastal wetlands researchers and conservation practitioners without access to an elemental analyzer. Multiple measurement, reporting, and verification (MRV) standards recognize the need (and uncertainty) for using this method.

Germline Exome Sequencing for Men with Testicular Germ Cell Tumor Reveals Coding Defects in Chromosomal Segregation and Protein-targeting Genes.

Background: Testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) is the most common cancer among young White men. TGCT is highly heritable, although there are no known high-penetrance predisposition genes. CHEK2 is associated with moderate TGCT risk.

Mucosal vaccines for SARS-CoV-2: scientific gaps and opportunities-workshop report.

On November 7th and 8th, 2022, The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), The Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovation (CEPI), The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF), The Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), and the Wellcome Trust hosted a virtual workshop entitled “Mucosal Vaccines for SARS-CoV-2: Scientific Gaps and Opportunities.” During the workshop, researchers and vaccine developers from around the world discussed the potential of mucosal vaccines to block SARS-CoV-2 transmission and reviewed the status of SARS-CoV-2 mucosal vaccine research. Here, we summarize key challenges and opportunities in basic, translational, and clinical research that were highlighted during the meeting.

Longitudinal patient-reported outcomes in patients receiving chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy.

Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (CAR-T) has transformed the treatment for relapsed/refractory hematologic malignancies; however, data on patient-reported outcomes in CAR-T are limited. We conducted a longitudinal study of adults with hematologic malignancies receiving CAR-T. We assessed quality of life (QOL; functional assessment of cancer therapy-general), psychological distress (hospital anxiety and depression scale, patient health questionnaire-9, posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD] checklist), and physical symptoms (Edmonton symptom assessment scale-revised) at baseline, 1 week, 1, 3, and 6 months after CAR-T.

Psychological mobile app for patients with acute myeloid leukemia: A pilot randomized clinical trial.

Background: Patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) experience a substantial decline in quality of life (QoL) and mood during their hospitalization for intensive chemotherapy, yet few interventions have been developed to enhance patient-reported outcomes during treatment.

Methods: We conducted a pilot randomized trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT03372291) of DREAMLAND, a psychological mobile application for patients with a new diagnosis of AML who are receiving intensive chemotherapy.

Decreasing Burnout and Improving Work Environment: The Impact of on a Pediatric Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Team.

Purpose: Oncology teams are challenged by BO, which may be alleviated by meaningful recognition. In this study, -altruistic acknowledgment-was implemented on a pediatric hematopoietic cell transplant unit to evaluate its impact on staff and work environment.

Methods: In this longitudinal, mixed-methods pilot study, interdisciplinary inpatient hematopoietic cell transplant providers received web-based education.

Efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab in metastatic urothelial carcinoma: results from KEYNOTE-045 and KEYNOTE-052 after up to 5 years of follow-up.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors are a standard therapy in metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC). Long-term follow-up is necessary to confirm durability of response and identify further safety concerns.

Patients And Methods: In KEYNOTE-045, patients with metastatic UC that progressed on platinum-containing chemotherapy were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive pembrolizumab or investigator's choice of paclitaxel, docetaxel, or vinflunine.

Bioavailability of dissolved organic matter varies with anthropogenic landcover in the Upper Mississippi River Basin.

Anthropogenic conversion of forests and wetlands to agricultural and urban landcovers impacts dissolved organic matter (DOM) within streams draining these catchments. Research on how landcover conversion impacts DOM molecular level composition and bioavailability, however, is lacking. In the Upper Mississippi River Basin (UMRB), water from low-order streams and rivers draining one of three dominant landcovers (forest, agriculture, urban) was incubated for 28 days to determine bioavailable DOC (BDOC) concentrations and changes in DOM composition.

Global fjords as transitory reservoirs of labile organic carbon modulated by organo-mineral interactions.

The global carbon cycle is strongly modulated by organic carbon (OC) sequestration and decomposition. Whereas OC sequestration is relatively well constrained, there are few quantitative estimates of its susceptibility to decomposition. Fjords are hot spots of sedimentation and OC sequestration in marine sediments.

Effective control of recurrent and metastatic GU SCC by employing a multimodal approach in a patient with a history of radiation and transscrotal surgery for stage I seminoma.

This 68-year-old male, with a history of treated testicular seminoma, developed scrotal SCC 30 years later, with a metastatic SCC recurrence following another interval of 10 years. He exhibited good response to multimodal therapy, though subsequently underwent orchiectomy, revealing SCC invading his solitary testicle. This case presents a unique danger of adjuvant radiation in testicular cancer survivors, demonstrates the efficacy of multimodal therapy with GU SCC, and describes a highly unusual histologic finding.

Comprehensive association analysis of speech recognition thresholds after cisplatin-based chemotherapy in survivors of adult-onset cancer.

Purpose: Deficits in speech understanding constitute one of the most severe consequences of hearing loss. Here we investigate the clinical and genetic risk factors for symmetric deterioration of speech recognition thresholds (SRT) among cancer survivors treated with cisplatin.

Methods: SRT was measured using spondaic words and calculating the mean of measurements for both ears with symmetric SRT values.