Nutritional optimization of fecal microbiota transplantation in humans: a scoping review.

Diet constitutes a major source of nutrient flow to the gut microbes. As such, it can be used to help shape the gut microbiome. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an increasingly promising therapy in disease states beyond recurrent infection, but diet is largely overlooked for its potential to help optimize this therapy.

A prospective observational study of operating room traffic during shunt surgery: who comes in and why?

Objective: Shunt infections are costly and stressful for families, patients, and providers. Many institutions use shunt checklists in an effort to reduce the risk of infection following shunt surgery. Such protocols often aim to limit operating room (OR) foot traffic, but there is little evidence that supports the theory that greater OR traffic increases the risk of acquiring a shunt infection through contamination of the air.

Novel Microbial Engraftment Trajectories following Microbiota Transplantation Therapy in Ulcerative Colitis.

Background And Aims: Microbiota transplant therapy is an emerging treatment for ulcerative colitis. One proposed mechanism for the benefit of microbiota transplant therapy is through engraftment of donor microbiota. However, the kinetics of engraftment are unknown.

Beyond the Basics: Partnerships and Innovations for Empowerment to Address Workplace Violence, a Call to Action.

Workplace violence (WPV) has become a crisis for health care workers, with a significant increase in violent events taking place in health care settings across the nation. Health care organizations should develop a comprehensive WPV program that includes recognition, management, and reporting of all types of WPV. A large health care system developed strategies and a program to address WPV.

Theranostic GPA33-Pretargeted Radioimmunotherapy of Human Colorectal Carcinoma with a Bivalent Lu-Labeled Radiohapten.

Radiolabeled small-molecule DOTA-haptens can be combined with antitumor/anti-DOTA bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) for pretargeted radioimmunotherapy (PRIT). For optimized delivery of the theranostic γ- and β-emitting isotope Lu with DOTA-based PRIT (DOTA-PRIT), bivalent Gemini (DOTA-Bn-thiourea-PEG4-thiourea-Bn-DOTA, aka (3,6,9,12-tetraoxatetradecane-1,14-diyl)bis(DOTA-benzyl thiourea)) was developed. Gemini was synthesized by linking 2 -2-(4-isothiocyanatobenzyl)-DOTA molecules together via a 1,14-diamino-PEG4 linker.

Self-guided digital behavioural therapy versus active control for fibromyalgia (PROSPER-FM): a phase 3, multicentre, randomised controlled trial.

Background: International guidelines have recommended cognitive behavioural therapy, including acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), as it offers validated benefits for managing fibromyalgia; however, it is inaccessible to most patients. We aimed to evaluate the effect of a 12-week, self-guided, smartphone-delivered digital ACT programme on fibromyalgia management.

Methods: In the PROSPER-FM randomised clinical trial conducted at 25 US community sites, adult participants aged 22-75 years with fibromyalgia were recruited and randomly assigned (1:1) to the digital ACT group or an active control group that offered daily symptom tracking and monitoring and access to health-related and fibromyalgia-related educational materials.

Impact of the Reverse 2-Step Algorithm for Testing in the Microbiology Laboratory on Hospitalized Patients.

Background: Multistep laboratory testing is recommended for the diagnosis of infection (CDI). The aim of this study was to present the impact of multistep CDI diagnostic testing in an academic hospital system and evaluate the toxin B gene polymerase chain reaction (PCR) cycle threshold (Ct) values of PCR-positive tests.

Methods: In October 2022, our system began reflex testing all PCR-positive stool samples with the QUIK CHEK COMPLETE (Techlab), an enzyme immunoassay-based test with results for the glutamate dehydrogenase antigen (GDH) and toxin A/B.

Safety and Efficacy of Vocacapsaicin for Management of Postsurgical Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Nonopioid management of postsurgical pain remains a major unmet need. Few studies have evaluated transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily member 1 agonists for analgesia after surgery. This study examines intraoperative vocacapsaicin, a novel prodrug of the transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily member 1 agonist capsaicin, in a validated model of postsurgical pain.

Patient-Specific, Mechanistic Models of Tumor Growth Incorporating Artificial Intelligence and Big Data.

Despite the remarkable advances in cancer diagnosis, treatment, and management over the past decade, malignant tumors remain a major public health problem. Further progress in combating cancer may be enabled by personalizing the delivery of therapies according to the predicted response for each individual patient. The design of personalized therapies requires the integration of patient-specific information with an appropriate mathematical model of tumor response.

Simulated cost-effectiveness of a novel precision-guided dosing strategy in adult patients with Crohn's disease initiating infliximab maintenance therapy.

Background: Patients with Crohn's disease (CD) who lose response to biologics experience reduced quality of life (QoL) and costly hospitalizations. Precision-guided dosing (PGD) provides a comprehensive pharmacokinetic (PK) profile that allows for biologic dosing to be personalized. We analyzed the cost-effectiveness of infliximab (IFX) PGD relative to two other dose intensification strategies (DIS).

A Short-Term Enteral Nutrition Protocol for Management of Adult Crohn's Disease-A Pilot Trial.

Crohn's disease (CD) is often treated with either exclusive or supplemental enteral nutrition (EN) in pediatrics, but adult practice guidelines primarily focus on medications. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of a 4-week semi-elemental-formula-based oral nutrition delivery program for managing adult CD ( = 4). Patients consumed ~66% of calories from the formula, a finding that might provide an improved calorie target for future trials.

AGA Clinical Practice Guideline on Fecal Microbiota-Based Therapies for Select Gastrointestinal Diseases.

Background & Aims: Fecal microbiota-based therapies include conventional fecal microbiota transplant and US Food and Drug Administration-approved therapies, fecal microbiota live-jslm and fecal microbiota spores live-brpk. The American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) developed this guideline to provide recommendations on the use of fecal microbiota-based therapies in adults with recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection; severe to fulminant C difficile infection; inflammatory bowel diseases, including pouchitis; and irritable bowel syndrome.

Methods: The guideline was developed using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) framework to prioritize clinical questions, identify patient-centered outcomes, and conduct an evidence synthesis.

A phase 3, randomized, placebo-controlled, trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of bedtime sublingual cyclobenzaprine (TNX-102 SL) in military-related posttraumatic stress disorder.

Sleep disturbances in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are a potential target for improving PTSD severity with pharmacotherapy. TNX-102 SL is a bedtime sublingual formulation of cyclobenzaprine with potent binding and antagonist activity at 5-HT, α-adrenergic, H histaminergic, and M muscarinic receptors, which play roles in the pharmacological management of sleep disturbances. This Phase 3 trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of TNX-102 SL in patients with military-related PTSD.

Kidney Biopsy Findings and Clinical Outcomes of US Veterans with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Introduction: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD; ulcerative colitis [UC] and Crohn's disease [CD]) may have unique patterns of kidney injury related to their underlying or coexisting disease or to medications. We present the kidney biopsy findings and clinical outcomes of veterans with UC or CD from the US Department of Veteran's Affairs (VA) health system.

Methods: Histopathologic and clinical data were extracted by retrospective review of the VA electronic health record of patients with IBD and a kidney biopsy between 2000 and 2018.

Antecedents to and outcomes associated with teacher-child relationship perceptions in early childhood: Further evidence for child-driven effects.

Preschool teachers' perceptions about relationships with students (teacher-child relationships [TCRs]) predict children's subsequent social competence (SC) and academic progress. Why this is so remains unclear. Do TCRs shape children's development, or do child attributes influence both TCRs and subsequent development? Relations between TCRs and other measures were examined for 185 preschoolers (107 girls, 89 longitudinal, and ~75% European American).

Patient-specific, mechanistic models of tumor growth incorporating artificial intelligence and big data.

Despite the remarkable advances in cancer diagnosis, treatment, and management that have occurred over the past decade, malignant tumors remain a major public health problem. Further progress in combating cancer may be enabled by personalizing the delivery of therapies according to the predicted response for each individual patient. The design of personalized therapies requires patient-specific information integrated into an appropriate mathematical model of tumor response.

Defining the Roles of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinical Pharmacists in the United States: A Systematic Review and National RAND/UCLA Consensus.

Background: Given the complexity of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) care, utilization of multidisciplinary teams is recommended to optimize outcomes. There is a growing recognition that clinical pharmacists should be an integral part of this care model. We sought to define the roles of IBD clinical pharmacists in the United States.

Efficacy of HER2-Targeted Intraperitoneal Ac α-Pretargeted Radioimmunotherapy for Small-Volume Ovarian Peritoneal Carcinomatosis.

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is often asymptomatic and presents clinically in an advanced stage as widespread peritoneal microscopic disease that is generally considered to be surgically incurable. Targeted α-therapy with the α-particle-emitting radionuclide Ac (half-life, 9.92 d) is a high-linear-energy-transfer treatment approach effective for small-volume disease and even single cells.

Diagnosis of Eosinophilic Esophagitis at the Time of Esophageal Food Impaction.

Background: Esophageal food impactions (EFI) often precede a diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis (EOE). Current guidelines suggest obtaining esophageal biopsies upon suspicion of EOE, treating with proton pump inhibitor (PPI), and repeating esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). This study was conducted to determine provider practice patterns with these mentioned recommendations at the time of EFI.