Are all deaths the same for physicians and nurses?: stereotype questions physicians and nurses utilize to characterize a person who has died.

How do healthcare professionals classify or characterize human beings: how do they identify and define a patient or in the case of this study a dead person? Healthcare professionals are fairly regularly exposed to human beings dying. Part of their duty is to postpone death but, death being inevitable, they regularly lose the fight. This study aims to determine how healthcare professionals classify human beings by asking only 1 question, and allowing respondents to provide 5 answers of their own making ("You are exposed to a dead person, victim of a car accident.

Medicine in stamps-Ignaz Semmelweis and Puerperal Fever.

Puerperal fever was common in mid-19(th)-century hospitals and often fatal, with mortality at 10%-35%. Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis was a Hungarian gynecologist who is known as a pioneer of antiseptic procedures. Semmelweis discovered that the incidence of puerperal fever could be drastically cut by the use of hand disinfection in obstetrical clinics.

Medicine in stamps: history of Down syndrome through philately.

Down syndrome (DS) is one of the most common chromosomal disorders with mental retardation and some spesific physical and physiological defects. Recently, many advances have been made in pre-natal screening and detection; and the hope is that identification of more genes will lead to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathologies, and hence to more effective therapy. This paper provides an overview on the discovery of Down syndrome through philately.

Research on embryos in Turkey with ethical and legal aspects.

Technically, the term embryo refers to the products of conception after implantation into the wall of the womb, usually nearly two weeks after fertilization, up until the eighth week. Embryos contain stem cells which, according to scientists, could be used to cure a wide range of conditions. Stem cells can be coaxed into growing cells of any other type, which makes them potentially very useful indeed.