PHYLOGENY AND SYSTEMATICS OF CYATHOCOTYLID DIGENEANS (DIGENEA: DIPLOSTOMOIDEA) PARASITIZING SNAKES WITH DESCRIPTION OF THREE NEW SPECIES OF GOGATEA FROM AUSTRALIA AND VIETNAM.

The Cyathocotylidae Mühling, 1896 is a small but broadly distributed family of digeneans parasitic in a wide range of vertebrate definitive hosts, from fish to mammals. Despite existing taxonomic questions, only a few studies have generated DNA sequence data from cyathocotylids, and only a single publication included sequence data from a cyathocotylid parasitic in snakes. Four genera are known to infect snakes: GogateaLutz, 1935, Szidatia Dubois, 1938, MesostephanoidesDubois, 1951, and SerpentostephanusSudarikov, 1961.

AVIAN HAEMOSPORIDIANS IN GREATER SCAUP (AYTHYA MARILA) AND LESSER SCAUP (AYTHYA AFFINIS) FROM WISCONSIN.

Avian haemosporidians are a diverse group of protozoan parasites that infect a wide range of host species. Waterfowl are an ecologically and economically important group of hosts that have been underrepresented in studies of haemosporidians. Diving ducks have unique life history traits, and morphological, behavioral, and dietary differences separate them from more common dabbling ducks.

DESCRIPTIONS AND PHYLOGENETIC AFFINITIES OF TWO NEW SPECIES OF RHABDIAS STILES AND HASSALL, 1905 (NEMATODA: RHABDIASIDAE) FROM NORTH AMERICAN FROGS: ARE WE STILL ONLY SCRATCHING THE SURFACE?

Two new species of lung-dwelling nematodes are described from North American frogs: Rhabdias aurorae n. sp. from Rana aurora and Rhabdias conni n.

Proterodiplostomid no longer: Molecular phylogeny reveals the true position of Proalarioides (Digenea: Diplostomoidea).

Proalarioides Yamaguti, 1933 (Digenea Carus, 1863: Diplostomoidea Poirier, 1886) is a small genus of proterodiplostomids parasitic in the intestines of snakes in Asia. Only two species are considered valid: Proalarioides serpentis Yamaguti, 1933 and Proalarioides tropidonotis Vidyarthi, 1937. Unlike other proterodiplostomids, Proalarioides spp.

Uncovering further diversity of Ochoterenatrema Caballero, 1943 (Digenea: Lecithodendriidae) in South American bats.

Ochoterenatrema Caballero, 1943 is a genus of lecithodendriid digeneans that prior to this study included 8 species parasitic in bats in the Western Hemisphere. Species of Ochoterenatrema possess a unique morphological feature in form of the pseudogonotyl on the sinistral side of the ventral sucker. In this study, we describe 2 new species of Ochoterenatrema from bats in Ecuador.

Expanding on : a new species of from North America and the Caribbean based on molecular and morphological data.

Members of the genus mature in accipitrids, particularly osprey, , with metacercaria causing Black Spot Syndrome in reef fishes. In most of the world, only the type species, (Creplin, 1842) has been reported. Recent molecular studies in the Western Atlantic, Mediterranean and Persian Gulf reveal multiple species of , but have relied on 28S rDNA, mainly from metacercariae, which limits both morphological identification and resolution of closely related species.

Checklist of helminth parasites of Chiroptera of North America north of Mexico.

A parasite-host, host-parasite and distribution-based checklist of helminths found in bats (Chiroptera) of North America north of Mexico is presented. The parasite-host checklist includes a total of 93 species (including records without a species identification) of helminth parasites reported in the literature from 30 species of bats. These include 54 trematodes, 11 cestodes, and 28 nematodes.

TAXONOMIC REASSESSMENT AND MORPHOLOGICAL REDESCRIPTION OF NEMATOSTRIGEA SERPENS ANNULATA (DIGENEA: STRIGEIDAE) FROM OSPREY IN NORTH AMERICA.

Digenean trematodes in the strigeid genus Nematostrigea are parasites of various birds, most often ospreys (Pandion haliaetus). Nematostrigea currently contains 2 species, Nematostrigea serpens and Nematostigea hepatica. Nematostrigea serpens is divided into 2 subspecies: N.

Jumping continents and major host lineages: phylogeny and diversity of the enigmatic Cryptotropidae (Platyhelminthes: Digenea).

Members of several genera in the digenean superfamily Microphalloidea, namely , , , and , are characterized by an unusual dorsal position of the genital atrium. In the absence of phylogenetic data, their systematic position has been unstable. In the most recent taxonomic revision of the Microphalloidea, they were housed in three different families.

TAPEWORMS (CESTODA: OPHIOTAENIA) FROM THE NORTHERN COTTONMOUTH (AGKISTRODON PISCIVORUS).

The northern cottonmouth, Agkistrodon piscivorus (Lacépède, 1789) (Viperidae: Crotalinae), occurs in the southeastern United States and is one of the few semiaquatic vipers in the world. Three proteocephalid tapeworms of the genus OphiotaeniaLa Rue, 1911 (Cestoda), have been described from this venomous snake. A critical evaluation of type specimens and tapeworms recently collected from A.

A global survey of tapeworms (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae) of 'true' frogs (Amphibia: Ranidae), including a tabulated list of all proteocephalids parasitising amphibians.

Proteocephalid tapeworms of frogs of the family Ranidae ('true' frogs) are reviewed with emphasis on their species diversity, host specificity and geographical distribution. New molecular data (nuclear lsrDNA and mitochondrial COI sequences) are presented for tapeworms of four species of ranid frogs in North America, including the poorly known Ophiotaenia saphena Osler, 1931 of Rana clamitans Latreille and R. catesbeiana (Shaw), which is redescribed using new material from Arkansas, USA.

Elucidating the life cycle of opossum parasites: DNA sequences reveal the involvement of planorbid snails as intermediate hosts of Rhopalias spp. (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) in Brazil.

Echinostomatid digeneans belonging to the genus Rhopalias are intestinal trematodes found mainly in opossums in the New World. The genus comprises seven species, but their life cycles and intermediate hosts have been unknown until now. During our long-term study carried out in freshwater habitats within the state of Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil, echinostomatid cercariae lacking collar spines were found in planorbid snails Biomphalaria glabrata, Biomphalaria straminea, Drepanotrema lucidum and Gundlachia ticaga in six different batches of snail samples collected between 2010 and 2019.

Description and Phylogenetic Relationships of Anhingatrema n. gen. (Digenea: Diplostomidae) with Two New Species from New World Anhingas (Aves: Anhingidae).

Purpose: The Diplostomidae is a globally distributed family of digeneans that parasitize a wide variety of tetrapod definitive hosts. Recent molecular phylogenetic studies have revealed unknown diplostomid diversity in avian hosts throughout the New World. Herein, we provide descriptions of a novel genus of diplostomids with two new species.

A NEW GENUS OF DIPLOSTOMIDS (DIGENEA: DIPLOSTOMOIDEA) FROM THE NILE CROCODILE IN SOUTH AFRICA WITH A KEY TO DIPLOSTOMID GENERA.

The Diplostomidae Poirier, 1886 is a large family of digeneans within the superfamily Diplostomoidea Poirier, 1886. Members of the family are distributed worldwide and parasitize a diversity of tetrapod definitive hosts. Notably, only 2 mature diplostomids are known from crocodilians and both are suggested to be accidental infections.

Molecular phylogeny supports invalidation of and (Digenea: Diplostomidae) and reveals a from mammals.

, and are among genera of diplostomid digeneans known to parasitize mammalian definitive hosts. Despite numerous recent molecular phylogenetic studies of diplostomids, limited DNA sequence data is available from diplostomids parasitic in mammals. Herein, we provide the first 28S rDNA and mtDNA sequences from morphologically identified, adult specimens of and .

Phylogenomics and Diversification of the Schistosomatidae Based on Targeted Sequence Capture of Ultra-Conserved Elements.

Schistosomatidae Stiles and Hassall 1898 is a medically significant family of digenetic trematodes (Trematoda: Digenea), members of which infect mammals or birds as definitive hosts and aquatic or amphibious gastropods as intermediate hosts. Currently, there are 17 named genera, for many of which evolutionary interrelationships remain unresolved. The lack of a resolved phylogeny has encumbered our understanding of schistosomatid evolution, specifically patterns of host-use and the role of host-switching in diversification.

Phylogenetic relationships of the Renschetrematidae Yamaguti, 1971 with description of a new species of Renschetrema Rohde, 1964 from the Philippines.

Renschetrematidae is a very small family of digeneans parasitic in bats in southern and Southeast Asia. According to the original descriptions and the latest revision, its representatives are characterized by the presence of several unusual characters. Among them are the dorsal position of the genital pores, separate male and female genital pores, and the presence of an accessory sac (stylet pouch) associated with terminal genitalia and containing a stylet-like structure.

Phylogenetic relationships of Ochoterenatrema Caballero, 1943 (Digenea: Lecithodendriidae) with descriptions of two new species.

Ochoterenatrema is a small genus of lecithodendriid digeneans that includes six species parasitic in Neotropical bats in North and South America. Members of this genus are characterized by the presence of a pseudogonotyl formed by thickened tegument on the left side of the ventral sucker. We examined morphology of specimens belonging to five species of Ochoterenatrema from Brazil, Ecuador and the USA and describe two new Ochoterenatrema spp.

Unravelling the diversity of the Crassiphialinae (Digenea: Diplostomidae) with molecular phylogeny and descriptions of five new species.

Crassiphialinae Sudarikov, 1960 is a large subfamily of the Diplostomidae Poirier, 1886 with a complex taxonomic history. It includes a diversity of species parasitic in the intestines of avian and mammalian definitive hosts worldwide. Dubois, 1936 is a large and broadly distributed crassiphialine genus notorious for its association with diseases in their fish second intermediate hosts.

Host foraging behavior and nest type influence prevalence of avian haemosporidian parasites in the Pantanal.

Avian haemosporidians from the genera Plasmodium and Haemoproteus are vector transmitted parasites. A growing body of evidence suggests that variation in their prevalence within avian communities is correlated with a variety of avian ecological traits. Here, we examine the relationship between infection probability and diversity of haemosporidian lineages and avian host ecological traits (average body mass, foraging stratum, migratory behavior, and nest type).

The life cycle of Philophthalmus aylacostoma n. sp. (Trematoda: Philophthalmidae), a new eye fluke species transmitted by Aylacostoma spp. (Gastropoda: Thiaridae) in Brazil.

Philophthalmus is a cosmopolitan genus of digeneans that includes ocular parasites of birds and mammals. Despite broad distribution and veterinary importance of these digeneans, there are still gaps in knowledge about their diversity and biology, especially in South America. Herein, we conducted morphological, life cycle, and molecular studies of megalurous cercariae found in aquatic gastropod molluscs Aylacostoma chloroticum and A.

Molecular phylogenetic analysis of and (Digenea, Diplostomidae) does not support host-based systematics.

Fibricola and Neodiplostomum are diplostomid genera with very similar morphology that are currently separated based on their definitive hosts. Fibricola spp. are normally found in mammals, while Neodiplostomum spp.

Integration of morphological and molecular data reveals further unknown diversity of the Proterodiplostomidae in crocodilians.

The Proterodiplostomidae Dubois, 1936 is a family of digeneans within the superfamily Diplostomoidea Poirier, 1886. Members of the family are distributed mostly in the tropics and subtropics, primarily in crocodilians, although some species are known from other reptiles. Despite their broad geographical distribution, the knowledge of proterodiplostomid diversity remains limited, mostly because a number of potential host species and regions of the world have not been sufficiently explored for these parasites.

Molecular phylogeny of Diplostomum, Tylodelphys, Austrodiplostomum and Paralaria (Digenea: Diplostomidae) necessitates systematic changes and reveals a history of evolutionary host switching events.

The Diplostomidae Poirier, 1886 is a large, globally distributed family of digeneans parasitic in intestines of their definitive hosts. Diplostomum and Tylodelphys spp. are broadly distributed, commonly reported, and the most often sequenced diplostomid genera.