Third-Generation Anticancer Photodynamic Therapy Systems Based on Star-like Anionic Polyacrylamide Polymer, Gold Nanoparticles, and Temoporfin Photosensitizer.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive anticancer treatment that uses special photosensitizer molecules (PS) to generate singlet oxygen and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a tissue under excitation with red or infrared light. Though the method has been known for decades, it has become more popular recently with the development of new efficient organic dyes and LED light sources. Here we introduce a ternary nanocomposite: water-soluble star-like polymer/gold nanoparticles (AuNP)/temoporfin PS, which can be considered as a third-generation PDT system.

Toxicity of Water-Soluble D-g-PNIPAM Polymers in a Complex with Chemotherapy Drugs and Mechanism of Their Action In Vitro.

The application of a biocompatible polymer nanocarrier can provide target delivery to tumor tissues, improved pharmacokinetics, controlled drug release, etc. Therefore, the proposed strategy was to use the water-soluble star-like copolymers with a Dextran core and Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) grafts (D-g-PNIPAM) for conjugation with the widely used chemotherapy drugs in oncology-Cisplatin (Cis-Pt) and Doxorubicin (Dox). The molecular characteristics of the copolymer were received using size-exclusion chromatography.

Anti-cancer activity of zinc-tetraphenylporphyrin photosensitizer/dextran--polyacrylamide copolymer/Au(Ag) nanoparticle nanohybrids.

A comparative study of anti-cancer photodynamic activities of three-component zinc-tetraphenylporphyrin photosensitizer/dextran--polyacrylamide copolymer/Au(Ag) nanoparticle (ZnTPP/D--PAA/Au(Ag)NP) nanohybrids on LNCaP prostate cancer cells was carried out under 420 nm light irradiation with low power. A significant cytotoxic effect was revealed for both ZnTPP/D--PAA/AgNP and ZnTPP/D--PAA/AuNP nanohybrids, where ZnTPP/D--PAA/AgNP nanohybrids exhibited considerably higher anticancer activity (82%) compared to ZnTPP/D--PAA/AuNP nanohybrids (45%). The higher activity of silver-containing nanohybrids is rationalized based on two factors.

Hemocompatibility of dextran-graft-polyacrylamide/zinc oxide nanosystems: hemolysis or eryptosis?

. In this study, blood compatibility of ZnO nanoparticles-polymer nanocomplex (D-PAA/ZnONPs(SO42-)) synthesizedinto dextran-graft-polyacrylamide (D-PAA) using zinc sulphate as a precursor was tested using hemolysis, osmotic fragility and eryptosis assays..

Combined Dextran-Graft-Polyacrylamide/Zinc Oxide Nanocarrier for Effective Anticancer Therapy in vitro.

Introduction: Cancer chemotherapy faces two major challenges - high toxicity of active substances and tumor resistance to drugs. Low toxic nanocarriers in combination with anticancer agents can significantly increase the effectiveness of therapy. Modern advances in nanotechnology make it easy to create materials with the necessary physical and chemical properties.

Drug delivery with a pH-sensitive star-like dextran-graft polyacrylamide copolymer.

The development of precision cancer medicine relies on novel formulation strategies for targeted drug delivery to increase the therapeutic outcome. Biocompatible polymer nanoparticles, namely dextran--polyacrylamide (D--PAA) copolymers, represent one of the innovative non-invasive approaches for drug delivery applications in cancer therapy. In this study, the star-like D--PAA copolymer in anionic form (D--PAAan) was developed for pH-triggered targeted drug delivery of the common chemotherapeutic drugs - doxorubicin (Dox) and cisplatin (Cis).

Thermoresponsive Zinc TetraPhenylPorphyrin Photosensitizer/Dextran Graft Poly(N-IsoPropylAcrylAmide) Copolymer/Au Nanoparticles Hybrid Nanosystem: Potential for Photodynamic Therapy Applications.

The thermoresponsive Zinc TetraPhenylPorphyrin photosensitizer/Dextran poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) graft copolymer/Au Nanoparticles (ZnTPP/D-g-PNIPAM/AuNPs) triple hybrid nanosystem was synthesized in aqueous solution as a nanodrug for potential use in thermally driven and controlled photodynamic therapy applications. The aqueous solution of the nanosystem has demonstrated excellent stability in terms of aggregation and sedimentation several days after preparation. Optimal concentrations of the components of hybrid nanosystem providing the lowest level of aggregation and the highest plasmonic enhancement of electronic processes in the photosensitizer molecules have been determined.

Plasmonic enhancement of the antibacterial photodynamic efficiency of a zinc tetraphenylporphyrin photosensitizer/dextran polyacrylamide anionic copolymer/Au nanoparticles hybrid nanosystem.

A zinc tetraphenylporphyrin photosensitizer/dextran polyacrylamide anionic copolymer/Au nanoparticles (ZnTPP/D--PAAan/AuNPs) triple hybrid nanosystem was synthesized in water-based solution as a nanodrug for potential photodynamic therapy applications. Dynamic light scattering studies showed that the nanosystem is stable against aggregation and sedimentation for several days after preparation. The dependence of the ZnTPP fluorescence intensity on the gold concentration in the ZnTPP/D--PAAan/AuNPs nanosystem has been revealed to be non-monotonic, with a maximum 2.

A New Water-Soluble Thermosensitive Star-Like Copolymer as a Promising Carrier of the Chemotherapeutic Drug Doxorubicin.

A new water-soluble thermosensitive star-like copolymer, dextran-graft-poly-N-iso-propilacrylamide (D-g-PNIPAM), was created and characterized by various techniques (size-exclusion chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) spectroscopy). The viability of cancer cell lines (human transformed cervix epithelial cells, HeLa) as a model for cancer cells was studied using MTT and Live/Dead assays after incubation with a D-g-PNIPAM copolymer as a carrier for the drug doxorubicin (Dox) as well as a D-g-PNIPAM + Dox mixture as a function of the concentration. FTIR spectroscopy clearly indicated the complex formation of Dox with the D-g-PNIPAM copolymer.

SAXS Combined with UV-vis Spectroscopy and QELS: Accurate Characterization of Silver Sols Synthesized in Polymer Matrices.

The present work demonstrates a validation of small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) combining with ultra violet and visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy and quasi-elastic light scattering (QELS) analysis for characterization of silver sols synthesized in polymer matrices. Polymer matrix internal structure and polymer chemical nature actually controlled the sol size characteristics. It was shown that for precise analysis of nanoparticle size distribution these techniques should be used simultaneously.

In situ formation of silver nanoparticles in linear and branched polyelectrolyte matrices using various reducing agents.

Silver nanoparticles were synthesized in linear and branched polyelectrolyte matrices using different reductants and distinct synthesis conditions. The effect of the host hydrolyzed linear polyacrylamide and star-like copolymers dextran-graft-polyacrylamide of various compactness, the nature of the reductant, and temperature were studied on in situ synthesis of silver sols. The related nanosystems were analyzed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and UV-vis absorption spectrophotometry.