Comparative Physiology and Transcriptome Analysis Provides Insights into the Regulatory Mechanism of Albinotic .

Albinism is a unique problem encountered in tissue culture experiments, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear in most bamboo species. In this study, we identified the putative regulatory genes in an albino mutant of using comparative physiology and transcriptome analysis. The degeneration of chloroplasts, low chlorophyll (Chl) content and reduced photosynthetic capacity were observed in albinotic compared to normal lines.

Molecular identification of is the natural bamboo hybrid of × .

Bamboo is one of the fastest-growing plants commonly used in food, fibre, paper, biofuel, ornamental and medicinal industries. Natural hybridization in bamboo is rare due to its long vegetative period followed by gregarious flowering and death of the entire population. In the current study, a new bamboo species, , shows intermediate characteristics of and morphologically, but it is unknown whether is a natural hybrid.

Network of miR396-mRNA in Tissue Differentiation in Moso Bamboo ().

MiR396 plays an essential role in various developmental processes. However, the miR396-mRNA molecular network in bamboo vascular tissue differentiation during primary thickening has not been elucidated. Here, we revealed that three of the five members from the miR396 family were overexpressed in the underground thickening shoots collected from Moso bamboo.

Overexpression of , an -like gene of bamboo, causes early flowering and abnormal floral organs in and rice.

Bamboo is a nontimber woody plant featuring a long vegetative stage and uncertain flowering time. Therefore, the genes belonging to flowering repressors might be essential in regulating the transition from the vegetative to reproductive stage in bamboo. The ( ) gene plays a pivotal role in floral transition and development.

Complete Chloroplast Genome Features of and Its Comparison and Evolutionary Analysis with Other Bambusoideae Species.

is one of the essential bamboo species mainly used for food and timber in the southwestern region of China. In this study, the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of is sequenced, assembled, and the phylogenetic relationship analyzed. The cp genome has a circular and quadripartite structure, has a total length of 139,499 bp and contains 132 genes: 89 protein-coding genes, eight rRNAs and 35 tRNAs.

Genome-wide identification and evolution of WNK kinases in Bambusoideae and transcriptional profiling during abiotic stress in .

With-no-lysine (WNK) kinases play vital roles in abiotic stress response, circadian rhythms, and regulation of flowering time in rice, Arabidopsis, and Glycine max. However, there are no previous reports of WNKs in the Bambusoideae, although genome sequences are available for diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid bamboo species. In the present study, we identified 41 genes in five bamboo species and analysed gene evolution, phylogenetic relationship, physical and chemical properties, -elements, and conserved motifs.

Homo- and Hetero-Dimers of CAD Enzymes Regulate Lignification and Abiotic Stress Response in Moso Bamboo.

Lignin biosynthesis enzymes form complexes for metabolic channelling during lignification and these enzymes also play an essential role in biotic and abiotic stress response. Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) is a vital enzyme that catalyses the reduction of aldehydes to alcohols, which is the final step in the lignin biosynthesis pathway. In the present study, we identified 49 CAD enzymes in five Bambusoideae species and analysed their phylogenetic relationships and conserved domains.

Analysis of mitochondrial recombination in the male sterile Brassica juncea cybrid Og1 and identification of the molecular basis of fertility reversion.

Recombinations between the parental genomes produced a novel mitochondrial genome in the cytoplasmic male sterile Brassica juncea cybrid Og1. A mitochondrial stoichiometric shift greatly reduced the molecule containing male-sterility-inducing orf138 gene leading to reversion to male fertility. An improved, chlorosis-corrected, cytoplasmic male sterile Brassica juncea cybrid Og1 derived from Ogura cytoplasm shows frequent reversion to male fertility.

PeSNAC-1 a NAC transcription factor from moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) confers tolerance to salinity and drought stress in transgenic rice.

NAC (NAM, AFAT and CUC) proteins play necessary roles in plant response to environmental stresses. However, the functional roles of NAC genes in moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis), an essential economic perennial woody bamboo species, are not well documented. In this study, we retrieved 152 PeNAC genes from the moso bamboo V2 genome, and PeSNAC-1 was isolated and functionally characterized.

Lines with Substituted Chimeric GFP-CENH3 Give Haploid and Aneuploid Progenies on Crossing with Other Lines.

Haploids and doubled haploids are invaluable for basic genetic studies and in crop improvement. A novel method of haploid induction through genetic engineering of the Centromere Histone Protein gene, , has been demonstrated in Arabidopsis. The present study was undertaken to develop haploid inducer (HI) lines of based on the principles elaborated in Arabidopsis.

An evolutionarily conserved mitochondrial orf108 is associated with cytoplasmic male sterility in different alloplasmic lines of Brassica juncea and induces male sterility in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana.

Nuclear-mitochondrial gene interactions governing cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) in angiosperms have been found to be unique to each system. Fertility restoration of three diverse alloplasmic CMS lines of Brassica juncea by a line carrying the fertility-restorer gene introgressed from Moricandia arvensis prompted this investigation to examine the molecular basis of CMS in these lines. Since previous studies had found altered atpA transcription associated with CMS in these lines, the atpA genes and transcripts of CMS, fertility-restored, and euplasmic lines were cloned and compared.