Presence of Mother Reduces Early-Life Social Stress: Linking the Alteration in Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis and Serotonergic System.

In this study, we examined whether the presence of mother suppresses early-life stressful social experience (SSE)-induced anxiety-like behavior and impairment of short-term memory later in life. On postnatal day (PND)-5, mothers with pups were grouped as follows: (i) control; (ii) maternal separation (MS); (iii) pups with mother experience the presence of a stranger (M+P-ST); and (iv) maternal separated pups experience the presence of a stranger (MSP-ST). Individuals were subjected to light-dark box and spontaneous alternation from PND-29 to 32.

Alterations in MicroRNA-132/212 Expression Impairs Fear Memory in Goldfish .

Background: Earlier, we showed that nicotinamide (NAM) treatment impairs spatial memory through the downregulation of CREB-Sirt 1-brain-derived neurotrophic factor () signaling cascade.

Purpose: In this study, we examine whether NAM treatment alters CREB-regulated genes through -microRNAs.

Method: To test this hypothesis, goldfish () were divided into 2 groups: (i) vehicle group (VEH; double distilled water intra-peritoneally [i.