VGLL-fusions define a new class of intraparenchymal CNS schwannoma.

Background: Intracerebral schwannomas are rare tumors resembling their peripheral nerve sheath counterparts but localized in the CNS. They are not classified as a separate tumor type in the 2021 WHO classification. This study aimed to compile and characterize these rare neoplasms morphologically and molecularly.

Osteoblastoma of the spine with discordant magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography imaging features in a child.

Study Design: Case report.

Objective: To describe the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) findings of spinal osteoblastoma and illustrate how MRI features can be potentially misleading.

Summary Of Background Data: Osteoblastoma is a rare benign tumor of bone that is known to incite a localized inflammatory response.

Lipopolysaccharide preconditioning induces robust protection against brain injury resulting from deep hypothermic circulatory arrest.

Objective: Delayed preconditioning genetically reprograms the response to ischemic injury. Subclinical bacterial lipopolysaccharide acts through preconditioning, powerfully protecting against experimental stroke. We investigated the potential for lipopolysaccharide to protect against brain injury related to cardiopulmonary bypass.

Hypoxemic reperfusion exacerbates the neurological injury sustained during neonatal deep hypothermic circulatory arrest: a model of cyanotic surgical repair.

Objective: Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) is frequently used in infants undergoing the Norwood procedure. These infants are necessarily hypoxemic after separation from CPB. Considerable energy has been spent characterizing the physiological and histological consequences of DHCA, but these have largely focused on a normoxemic period of reperfusion.

Intranuclear nemaline rod myopathy.

The clinical, pathologic, and genetic findings of a boy with intranuclear nemaline rod myopathy are described. Serial muscle biopsies revealed myocyte nuclei containing inclusions that were immunoreactive for alpha-actinin and increased with age. Genetic analysis revealed a Val163Leu ACTA1 mutation previously associated with nemaline rod myopathy.

The homeobox intestinal differentiation factor CDX2 is selectively expressed in gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas.

CDX2 is a homeobox domain-containing transcription factor that is important in the development and differentiation of the intestines. Based on recent studies, CDX2 expression is immunohistochemically detectable in normal colonic enterocytes and is retained in most, but not all, colorectal adenocarcinomas. CDX2 expression has also been documented in a subset of adenocarcinomas arising in the stomach, esophagus and ovary.

Intranuclear rod myopathy, a rare and morphologically striking variant of nemaline rod myopathy.

A 4-year-old boy with muscle weakness underwent skeletal muscle biopsies. Light microscopy showed distinct eosinophilic inclusions within the majority of muscle cell nuclei, but none in the cytoplasm. Electron microscopy revealed crystalline, round to rod-shaped inclusions in the muscle cell nuclei.