Three-Dimensional Measurement of Proximal Humerus Fractures Displacement: A Computerized Analysis.

Neer's classification for proximal humerus fractures (PHFs) uses 10 mm and 45° thresholds to distinguish displaced fragments. While this system was originally developed referencing 2D X-rays, fracture displacements occur in three dimensions. Our work aimed to develop a standardized and reliable computerized method for measuring PHF 3D spatial displacements.

Short-term outcomes and survival of pyrocarbon hemiarthroplasty in the young arthritic shoulder.

Hypothesis: The purpose was to report the short-term outcomes and survival of hemiarthroplasty with a pyrocarbon head (HA-PYC) for the treatment of shoulder osteoarthritis in patients aged ≤ 60 years. We hypothesized that HA-PYC could be an alternative to hemi-metal (avoiding the risk of rapid glenoid erosion) and total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) (avoiding the risk of rapid glenoid loosening) in an active patient population.

Methods: Sixty-four consecutive patients (mean age, 53 years) who underwent HA-PYC for glenohumeral osteoarthritis were included.

Ferrielectricity in smectic-C^{*} dechiralization-line lattices.

Recent experiments probing a new ferroelectric liquid crystal (CLF08) confined in cells with planar alignment have shown dielectric and optic anomalies suggesting the onset of ferrielectric ordering within the surface lattice of dechiralization lines. We present a phenomenological theory describing the corresponding phase transition sequence SmA→SmC^{*}→Ferri. Phase diagrams and thermodynamic, dielectric, and optic properties are worked out and compared with experiments.

Blood group typing in five Afghan populations in the North Hindu-Kush region: implications for blood transfusion practice.

Background And Objectives: Blood incompatibility arises from individual and ethnic differences in red blood cell (RBC) antigen profiles. This underlines the importance of documenting RBC antigen variability in various ethnic groups. Central Asia is an area with a long and complex migratory history.

Cell adhesion: the effect of a surprising cohesive force.

When an experimentalist or a biological mechanism applies an external force onto a cell chemically sticking to its substrate, a reacting "suction" force, due to the slow penetration of the surrounding fluid between the cell and the substrate, opposes to the dissociation. This force can overcome other known adhesive forces when the process is sufficiently violent (typically 10(5) pN ). Its maximal contribution to the total adhesive energy of the cell can then be estimated to 2 x 10(-3) J/m(2).

Theory of the non-planar surface phase in tilted smectic films under electric field.

We present a phenomenological theory of the non-planar tilted surface phase recently observed in freely suspended smectic films. We show that the three phases --Synclinic, Anticlinic, and non-planar (Axial)- stable in non-chiral systems, merge into a single phase in chiral systems. We discuss some experimental consequences of this specific chiral feature.

Theory of the anticlinic pretilted surface phase in tilted chiral smectic films.

In freely suspended chiral smectic films, the molecules tilt at the surfaces above the bulk ferroelectric transition temperature. The tilt angle at the two surfaces can be either equal (synclinic surface phase) or opposite (anticlinic surface phase) on each surface of the film. We propose a realistic theoretical model accounting for the stability and properties of these two structures, based on competing surface interactions.

Prediction of apparent extinction for optical transmission through rain.

At optical wavelengths, geometrical optics holds that the extinction efficiency of raindrops is equal to two. This approximation yields a wavelength-independent extinction coefficient that, however, can hardly be used to predict accurately rain extinction measured in optical transmissions. Actually, in addition to the extinct direct incoming light, a significant part of the power scattered by the rain particles reaches the receiver.