Bacteria are a major determinant of Orsay virus transmission and infection in .

The microbiota is a key determinant of the physiology and immunity of animal hosts. The factors governing the transmissibility of viruses between susceptible hosts are incompletely understood. Bacteria serve as food for and represent an integral part of the natural environment of .

Bacteria Are a Major Determinant of Orsay Virus Transmission and Infection in .

The microbiota is a key determinant of the physiology and immunity of animal hosts. The factors governing the transmissibility of viruses between susceptible hosts are incompletely understood. Bacteria serve as food for and represent an integral part of the natural environment of We determined the effects of bacteria isolated with from its natural environment on the transmission of Orsay virus in using quantitative virus transmission and host susceptibility assays.

Is there an oxidative cost of acute stress? Characterization, implication of glucocorticoids and modulation by prior stress experience.

Acute rises in glucocorticoid hormones allow individuals to adaptively respond to environmental challenges but may also have negative consequences, including oxidative stress. While the effects of chronic glucocorticoid exposure on oxidative stress have been well characterized, those of acute stress or glucocorticoid exposure have mostly been overlooked. We examined the relationship between acute stress exposure, glucocorticoids and oxidative stress in Japanese quail ().

Laboratory mice born to wild mice have natural microbiota and model human immune responses.

Laboratory mouse studies are paramount for understanding basic biological phenomena but also have limitations. These include conflicting results caused by divergent microbiota and limited translational research value. To address both shortcomings, we transferred C57BL/6 embryos into wild mice, creating "wildlings.

Weathering the storm: parental effort and experimental manipulation of stress hormones predict brood survival.

Background: Unpredictable and inclement weather is increasing in strength and frequency, challenging organisms to respond adaptively. One way in which animals respond to environmental challenges is through the secretion of glucocorticoid stress hormones. These hormones mobilize energy stores and suppress non-essential physiological and behavioral processes until the challenge passes.

Glucocorticoid metabolism in the in ovo environment modulates exposure to maternal corticosterone in Japanese quail embryos (Coturnix japonica).

Maternal effects have gained attention as a method by which mothers may alter the physiological condition and phenotype of their offspring based upon current environmental conditions. The physiological and phenotypic outcomes of glucocorticoid-mediated maternal effects have been extensively studied in a variety of vertebrates; however, the underlying mechanism is currently unclear. Here, we injected tritiated corticosterone into the yolks of freshly laid Japanese quail eggs (Coturnix japonica) and traced its movement and metabolism through the in ovo development period.

Anterior colporrhaphy: why surgeon performance is paramount.

Anterior compartment repair is one of the most challenging issues in reconstructive pelvic surgery. Previous studies using strict anatomic criteria suggested a high failure rate after anterior colporrhaphy, prompting increased use of augmented repairs in the past decade. More recent studies suggest anterior colporrhaphy may provide symptom relief similar to that seen with augmented repairs without the risks associated with placement of mesh.

Progressive reduction in abdominal hysterectomy rates: impact of laparoscopy, robotics and surgeon factors.

The objective of this study is to describe changes in rates of types of hysterectomy at a tertiary care community teaching hospital since the introduction of laparoscopic and robotic techniques and to determine the effect of surgeon characteristics on route of hysterectomy. This is a retrospective analysis of types of hysterectomies performed for benign disease during five different years (1989, 1994, 1999, 2004, 2009) at a large community teaching hospital. Hospital discharge data was reviewed to identify all hysterectomies performed during the first six months of each year of the study.

Prevalence of viral, bacterial and parasitological diseases in rats and mice used in research environments in Australasia over a 5-y period.

Viral, bacterial and parasitological infections in rats and mice used in biomedical research continue to occur despite improved housing and biosurveillance. The presence of disease in laboratory animals can lead to spurious results for research undertaken in universities, research institutes and the pharmaceutical industry. Here the authors report the results of serological, microbiological, parasitological and molecular tests done on mice and rats from Australasia submitted to a rodent health monitoring laboratory (Cerberus Sciences) from 2004 to 2009.

Pelvic floor muscle function in women presenting with pelvic floor disorders.

Introduction And Hypothesis: This observational study was undertaken to determine knowledge, prior instruction, frequency of performance, and ability to perform pelvic floor muscle exercises in a group of women presenting for evaluation of pelvic floor disorders.

Methods: Three hundred twenty-five women presenting for evaluation of pelvic floor disorders were questioned concerning knowledge and performance of pelvic floor muscle exercises (PMEs) and then examined to determine pelvic floor muscle contraction strength.

Results: The majority of women (73%) had heard of PMEs, but only 42% had been instructed to perform them and 62.

SAHA induces apoptosis in hepatoma cells and synergistically interacts with the proteasome inhibitor Bortezomib.

Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors represent a promising group of anticancer agents. This paper shows that the HDAC inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) stimulated at 5-10 microM apoptosis in human hepatoma HepG2 and Huh6 cells, but was ineffective in primary human hepatocytes (PHH). In HepG2 cells SAHA induced the extrinsic apoptotic pathway, increasing the expression of both FasL and FasL receptor and causing the activation of caspase-8.

A randomized trial comparing methods of vaginal cuff closure at vaginal hysterectomy and the effect on vaginal length.

Objective: The objective of the study was to compare the effect of horizontal versus vertical closure of the vaginal cuff during vaginal hysterectomy on vaginal length.

Study Design: Forty-three women were randomized to undergo horizontal (n = 23) or vertical (n = 20) vaginal cuff closure during vaginal hysterectomy at a community hospital. The primary outcome of vaginal length before and after surgery was compared by the Student t test and the paired t test.

JNK and AP-1 mediate apoptosis induced by bortezomib in HepG2 cells via FasL/caspase-8 and mitochondria-dependent pathways.

The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib is an efficacious apoptotic agent in many tumor cells. This paper shows that bortezomib induced apoptosis in human hepatoma HepG2 cells associated with many modifications in the expression of survival or death factors. Although bortezomib increased the level of the protective factors HSP70 and HSP27, the effects of the drug that favour cell death were predominant.

Various surgical approaches to treat voiding dysfunction following anti-incontinence surgery.

Objective: The aims of this study are to report the efficacy of retropubic urethrolysis, vaginal urethrolysis, and cutting of synthetic suburethral slings in treating postoperative voiding dysfunction that occurs after anti-incontinence surgery and to report the recurrence rate of stress urinary incontinence (SUI).

Methods: All patients from January 1996 to October 2003 who presented with voiding dysfunction following an anti-incontinence procedure and who subsequently underwent either retropubic urethrolysis, vaginal urethrolysis, or synthetic suburethral sling takedown were included in the study. Pre- and postoperative irritative symptoms (urinary frequency or urgency), obstructive symptoms (hesitancy, voiding difficulty, and incomplete emptying), and stress urinary incontinence symptoms were obtained in a standardized fashion.

Is previous cesarean section a risk for incidental cystotomy at the time of hysterectomy? A case-controlled study.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine if previous cesarean section is an independent risk factor for incidental cystotomy at the time of hysterectomy.

Study Design: This is a case-controlled study that evaluated all cases of incidental cystotomy at the time of hysterectomy between January 1998 and December 2001. Five thousand and ninety-two hysterectomies were performed in the time period mentioned above, and 51 cases of incidental cystotomy were identified.

The efficacy of the tension-free vaginal tape in the treatment of five subtypes of stress urinary incontinence.

Purpose: To determine the efficacy of tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) for the treatment of five sub-types of stress urinary incontinence (SUI).

Materials And Methods: A retrospective review was performed from November 1998 to November 2001 on all patients with SUI who underwent a TVT procedure either alone or with other reconstructive pelvic procedures. The patients were subdivided into five categories.

The ability of history and a negative cough stress test to detect occult stress incontinence in patients undergoing surgical repair of advanced pelvic organ prolapse.

To determine if a negative preoperative reduction cough stress test is a viable method of detecting occult stress incontinence or urge incontinence in women undergoing surgical repair of advanced pelvic organ prolapse. A retrospective chart review was done on all patients who denied any urinary complaints and had repair of advanced pelvic organ prolapse, grade two or greater, without the addition of an anti-incontinence procedure. Additionally patients had a simple office filling study done at the time of initial examination that failed to show the sign of stress incontinence or detrusor instability.

Prevalence of persistent and de novo overactive bladder symptoms after the tension-free vaginal tape.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess 1) the proportion of de novo urge incontinence and overactive bladder symptoms after a tension-free vaginal tape (TVT), and 2) the natural history of preoperative urge incontinence and overactive bladder symptoms after a TVT.

Methods: A chart review was performed on all patients who underwent a TVT without concomitant procedures from November 1998 to November 2002. Preoperative and postoperative stress and mixed urinary incontinence symptoms as well as overactive bladder symptoms were assessed subjectively, as was the use of anticholinergics to treat overactive bladder symptoms.

Paravaginal defects: prevalence and accuracy of preoperative detection.

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of paravaginal defects and to report the correlation between diagnosing a paravaginal defect preoperatively and observing the presence of one intraoperatively. This was a prospective study in which 77 patients with at least stage 2 prolapse of the anterior vaginal wall who desired surgical correction of their prolapse were assessed pre- and intraoperatively for the detection of a paravaginal defect. In order to differentiate a midline or central defect from a paravaginal defect, an index finger or ring forceps was placed vaginally toward each ischial spine separately.

Sodium butyrate induces apoptosis in human hepatoma cells by a mitochondria/caspase pathway, associated with degradation of beta-catenin, pRb and Bcl-XL.

Butyrate can promote programmed cell death in a number of tumour cells in vitro. This paper provides evidence that butyrate induces apoptosis in human hepatoma HuH-6 and HepG2 cells but is ineffective in Chang liver cells, an immortalised non-tumour cell line. In both HuH-6 and HepG2 cells, apoptosis appeared after a lag period of approximately 16 h and increased rapidly during the second day of treatment.

Staurosporine-induced apoptosis in Chang liver cells is associated with down-regulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL.

A potent inhibitor of serine/threonine kinases, staurosporine exerts antiproliferative and apoptotic effects in many cancer cells, although the exact mechanism of its action is still unclear. This study examines the effects of staurosporine on Chang liver cells, an immortalized non-tumor cell line, in comparison with those caused in HuH-6 and HepG2 cells, two human hepatoma cell lines. Our results provide evidence that staurosporine promotes apoptosis in Chang liver cells as observed by flow cytometric analysis and acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining.

The effect of 3-aminobenzamide, inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, on human osteosarcoma cells.

This study demonstrates that in human osteosarcoma cells treatment with 3-aminobenzamide (3-AB), a potent inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), induces morphological and biochemical features of differentiation, the duration of which depends on whether or not the normal RB gene is expressed. In Saos-2 cells expressing a non-functional Rb protein, 3-AB treatment induced the formation of transient, short dendritic-like protrusions. In RB-transfected-Saos-2 cells (a clone previously generated in our laboratory that shows stable expression of wild-type Rb protein), 3-AB induced marked and prolonged changes with the formation of long dendritic-like protrusions and the appearance of stellate (osteocyte-like) cells.