Predictors of Delays in the Management of Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss.

Objective: To study predictors of delayed presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL).

Study Design: Retrospective medical chart review and patient telephone survey.

Setting: Tertiary medical center.

Advanced stage adenoid cystic carcinoma of the sinonasal cavity and skull base: a retrospective 20-year analysis.

The purpose was to describe the presentation, treatment, and outcomes of skull base invasive sinonasal adenoid cystic carcinoma (SNACC). A retrospective cohort study was performed of all consecutive patients aged >18 years at the time of presentation, who were diagnosed as having primary SNACC with skull base invasion, at a single tertiary referral center between 2002-2022. Eighteen patients were enrolled (11 female, 7 male; mean ± standard deviation age at initial presentation 55 ± 14 years).

Effect of Holder Pasteurization, Mode of Delivery, and Infant's Gender on Fatty Acid Composition of Donor Breast Milk.

Breast milk (BM) plays a crucial role in providing essential fatty acids (FA) and energy for the growing infant. When the mother's own BM is not available, nutritional recommendations suggest donor milk (DM) in clinical and home practices. BM was collected from a variety of donor mothers in different lactation stages.

Dietary nutrients during gestation cause obesity and related metabolic changes by altering DNA methylation in the offspring.

Growing evidence shows that maternal nutrition from preconception until lactation has an important effect on the development of non-communicable diseases in the offspring. Biological responses to environmental stress during pregnancy, including undernutrition or overnutrition of various nutrients, are transmitted in part by DNA methylation. The aim of the present narrative review is to summarize literature data on altered DNA methylation patterns caused by maternal macronutrient or vitamin intake and its association with offspring's phenotype (obesity and related metabolic changes).

Randomized controlled internal pilot trial of a diversion programme for adolescents in police custody who possess illicit substances.

Background: Adolescents involved in criminal proceedings are significantly more likely to re-offend than a similar population diverted away from criminal justice. Adolescents who use substances and offend are at higher risk of experiencing negative social, psychological and physical problems that often persist into adulthood. There is some evidence that brief interventions combined with appropriate psychoeducation may be effective in reducing adolescent substance use.

Backscattering-Induced Dissipative Solitons in Ring Quantum Cascade Lasers.

Ring quantum cascade lasers have recently gained considerable attention, showing ultrastable frequency comb and soliton operation, thus opening a way to integrated spectrometers in the midinfrared and terahertz fingerprint regions. Thanks to a self-consistent Maxwell-Bloch model, we demonstrate, in excellent agreement with the experimental data, that a small but finite coupling between the counterpropagating waves arising from distributed backscattering is essential to stabilize the soliton solution.

The Effect of Holder Pasteurization and Different Variants on Breast Milk Antioxidants.

Background: After birth, breast milk (BM) is a known essential source of antioxidants for infants. We analyzed the non-enzymatic total antioxidant capacity (TAC), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and glutathione, calcium, transferrin, and total protein levels of human breast milk before and after Holder pasteurization (HoP).

Methods: The collected donor BM samples were pasteurized with HoP.

A multicomponent psychosocial intervention to reduce substance use by adolescents involved in the criminal justice system: the RISKIT-CJS RCT.

Background: Substance use and offending are related in the context of other disinhibitory behaviours. Adolescents involved in the criminal justice system constitute a particularly vulnerable group, with a propensity to engage in risky behaviour that has long-term impact on their future health and well-being. Previous research of the RISKIT programme provided evidence of a potential effect in reducing substance use and risky behaviour in adolescents.

Neonatal Leptin Levels Predict the Early Childhood Developmental Assessment Scores of Preterm Infants.

Preterm infants have low circulating levels of leptin, a key trophic hormone that influences growth and development. While the clinical importance of prematurity-associated leptin deficiency is undefined, recent preclinical and clinical investigations have shown that targeted enteral leptin supplementation can normalize neonatal leptin levels. We tested the hypothesis that, independent of growth velocity, prematurity-related neonatal leptin deficiency predicts adverse cardiovascular and neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Insulin, Testosterone, and Albumin in Term and Preterm Breast Milk, Donor Milk, and Infant Formula.

Background: Infants have three options for feeding: their own mother's breast milk, donor milk, or infant formula. Insulin, testosterone, total protein, and albumin levels were measured in breast milk samples from the first 6 months of lactation, in donor milk samples, and in different infant formulas.

Methods: Mothers who gave birth to term ( = 19) or preterm ( = 19) infants were recruited to collect breast milk samples during the first 6 months of lactation.

Oxidative Stress in Assisted Reproductive Techniques, with a Focus on an Underestimated Risk Factor.

Based on current findings, the presence of oxidative stress has a significant impact on the quality of gametes and embryos when performing assisted reproductive techniques (ART). Unfortunately, in vitro manipulation of these cells exposes them to a higher level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The primary goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the development of oxidative stress in female and male reproductive systems, as well as in the case of the pre-implantation embryo and its environment.

Fatty Acid Composition of Milk from Mothers with Normal Weight, Obesity, or Gestational Diabetes.

Gestation and the neonatal period are crucial periods in infant development. Many components of breast milk, including fatty acids, play an important role in strengthening the immune system. The aim of our research was to evaluate the fatty acid profiles of milk from 69 mothers, including subjects having a normal weight, obesity, or gestational diabetes.

Epigenetic Effect of Maternal Methyl-Group Donor Intake on Offspring's Health and Disease.

Maternal exposure to some dietary and environmental factors during embryonic development can affect offspring's phenotype and, furthermore, the risk of developing diseases later in life. One potential mechanism responsible for this early programming may be the modification of the epigenome, such as DNA methylation. Methyl-group donors are essential for DNA methylation and are shown to have an important role in fetal development and later health.

Thyroxine and Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone in Own Mother's Milk, Donor Milk, and Infant Formula.

Breastfeeding is widely supported in clinical and home practices, and it is known that different forms of infant feeding differ in hormone content. Thyroid hormones have essential physiological roles. In our study, we examined thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxine, and albumin levels in breast milk produced for term (n = 16) or preterm (n = 15) infants throughout the first 6 months of lactation.

Breast Milk for Term and Preterm Infants-Own Mother's Milk or Donor Milk?

Hormones are important biological regulators, controlling development and physiological processes throughout life. We investigated pituitary hormones such as follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL) and total protein levels during the first 6 months of lactation. Breast milk samples were collected every fourth week of lactation from mothers who gave birth to preterm ( = 14) or term ( = 16) infants.

The Cleavage Profile of Protein Substrates by ClpXP Reveals Deliberate Starts and Pauses.

Cells rely on protein degradation by AAA+ proteases. A well-known example is the hexameric ClpX unfoldase, which captures ATP hydrolysis to feed substrates into the oligomeric ClpP peptidase. Recent studies show that an asymmetric ClpX spiral cycles protein translocation upon ATP hydrolysis.

Pituitary Glycoprotein Hormones in Human Milk before and after Pasteurization or Refrigeration.

Our aims were to investigate the presence of pituitary glycoprotein hormones in preterm and donor milk, and to examine the effects of Holder pasteurization and refrigeration on the levels of these hormones. We measured follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in milk samples from mothers who delivered prematurely ( = 27) and in samples of mothers who delivered at term and donated milk to the Mother's Milk Bank of Iowa ( = 30). The gonadotropins and TSH were present in similar amounts within human milk produced for preterm and term infants.

Association Between Outpatient Rehabilitation Therapy and Total Cost of Care for a Frail Elderly Population in a Medicare Accountable Care Organization.

Frailty is a debilitating and increasingly costly condition in an elderly population equating to nearly $7.6 billion in Medicare spending in 2016. Understanding the burden of frailty and how to manage this population efficiently is of key importance in an accountable care organization.

Hormone levels in preterm and donor human milk before and after Holder pasteurization.

Background: After birth, breastfeeding is the exclusive source of hormonal signaling between mother and infant. Hospitalized infants often receive donor milk when their own mother's milk is unavailable.

Methods: The presence of insulin, leptin, cortisol, progesterone, and testosterone was examined in samples from milk bank donors and mothers of preterm infants.

[Early and late complications of hyperglycemic extremely low birth-weight infants].

During recent decades, the perinatal mortality of extremely low-birth weight infants has decreased. An important task is to recognize complications of prematurity. We made an attempt to explore the relationship between complications of prematurity and neonatal hyperglycemia.

Distribution of bioactive factors in human milk samples.

Background: Breast milk provides nutrition for infants and also contains a variety of bioactive factors that influence the development of the newborn. Human milk is a complex biological fluid that can be separated into different layers (water phase and lipid phase with its component water and lipid fractions). It can affect the developing human body along the whole length of the gastrointestinal tract, and through the circulation, its factors may reach every organ.

Amiodarone's major metabolite, desethylamiodarone, induces apoptosis in human cervical cancer cells.

Previously, we found that desethylamiodarone (DEA) may have therapeutic potentiality in bladder cancer. In this study, we determined its effects on human cervical cancer cells (HeLa). Cell viability was evaluated by Muse Cell Count & Viability Assay; cell apoptosis was detected by Muse Annexin V & Dead Cell Assay.

The Essential Role of ClpXP in Requires Species Constrained Substrate Specificity.

The ClpXP protease is a highly conserved AAA+ degradation machine that is present throughout bacteria and in eukaryotic organelles. ClpXP is essential in some bacteria, such as , but dispensible in others, such as . In , ClpXP normally degrades the SocB toxin and increased levels of SocB result in cell death.

Protease regulation and capacity during Caulobacter growth.

Cell growth requires the removal of proteins that are unwanted or toxic. In bacteria, AAA+ proteases like the Clp family and Lon selectively destroy proteins defined by intrinsic specificity or adaptors. Caulobacter crescentus is a gram-negative bacterium that undergoes an obligate developmental transition every cell division cycle.

Two ways to skin a cat: acyldepsipeptides antibiotics can kill bacteria through activation or inhibition of ClpP activity.

Infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) has had a devastating effect on the world population. Acyldepsipeptide antibiotics (ADEPs) are known to kill some bacteria by over activating the bacterial ClpP peptidase. ADEP antibiotics also target Mtb, with the assumption that uncontrolled ADEP-activated proteolysis by ClpP is the common mode of killing.