[Abdominal tuberculosis in children].

Objective: To determine the features of diagnosis and clinical course of abdominal tuberculosis in children.

Material And Methods: Eighteen children aged from 5 days to 16 years with abdominal tuberculosis have been followed-up throughout 50 years. Diagnostic process implied anamnesis, objective examination, laboratory data and specific samples, ultrasound, X-ray examination, MRI, CT and morphological examination of specimens.

[Surgical treatment of renal carcinoma today: laparoscopic radical nephrectomy and resection of the kidney].

The authors have rich experience in laparoscopic operations on retroperitoneal organs and give detailed description of the technique of laparoscopic radical nephrectomy and renal resection in cancer. Seventy two nephrectomies at stage pT1b-pT3a and twelve renal resections at stage pT1a have been made since September 2003. Good immediate results were achieved.

[Laparoscopic nephropexy with polypropilen graft implantation: a clinico-experimental study].

The article presents experimental data on interaction of the polypropilen implant with the kidney and adjacent tissues, on comparative evaluation of reliability of mechanical methods of polypropilen net fixation to different human tissues (the kidney, muscles and costal periosteum). A novel technique of laparoscopic nephropexy with usage of prolen implant has been developed. It was tested in 49 patients with nephroptosis in 2003-2006.

[Clinicomorphological observation of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma of the lung].

The authors analyze rare lung diseases and describe a clinicomorphological case of bronioloalveolar carcinoma of the lung as one of rare bronchopulmonary diseases. According to the WHO histological classification (1999), the tumor is adenocarcinoma that is represented solely by bronchioloalveolar vegetations as a monolayer of the cells lining the walls of pre-existing alveoles without invasion of the stroma, vessels, and pleura. In 1876 Mallaser first described this rare disease in cloven-hoofed animals (Artiodactyla) in Scandinavian countries.

[Primary diffuse melanoma of the pia mater].

A rather rare case of melanoma with a rare primary localization in the pia mater is described. The available literature describes as many as 60 cases of melanomatosis at this site. This case is of certain clinical and morphological interest due to its rare localization and great clinical diagnostic difficulties.

[Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy].

Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (left-sided--6, right-sided--3) was performed for T1b-3aN0-2M0-M1 renal tumor. Tumors measuring up to 12 cm were located in the mid or lower renal segment. Detailed descriptions of surgical procedure and chemical clearing to identify lymph nodes are presented.

[Generalized aspergillosis sepsis in a one month old infant with inborn leukemia].

A rare case of aspergillesis sepsis in an one month old baby with inborn leukemia is reported. Of essential importance in the pathology is genetic deficiency of this child, decreased immunity and a grave intoxication due to leukemia chemotherapy.

[Weak-flow membrane blood oxygenation in treatment of patients with peritonitis].

The application of the level of molecules with medium molecular mass (MM) and wave length E254 and 280 nm was tried in 30 patients, operated on for various diseases of the organs of abdominal cavity and their purulent complications. Besides routine treatment weak flow membrane blood oxygenation was carried out. As a result of the study it was established that the level of medium molecular peptides appears to be a criteria of effectiveness of the weak-flow membrane blood oxygenation and determines duration of the procedure.

[Low-flow membrane oxygenation of blood in patients with diffuse purulent peritonitis].

Small-flow membranous oxygenation of the blood was used in 45 patients with peritonitis in the multiple organ failure phase. In ten cases blood oxygenation was combined with hemofiltration. MOCT 19-03 (Kvant Research and Production Unit) and Gambro FH hemofilters (Sweden) were employed.

[Morphologic characterization of the contemporary dysentery caused by Shigella flexneri 2A].

There is a tendency in St. Petersburg since 1990s to an increase of dysentery morbidity and lethality mainly caused by Flexner Shigella 2a. Morphology of the disease in adults is given on the material of 286 necropsies in 1993-1994 in the S.

[Slow-flow membrane oxygenation of blood as a method of detoxication in the treatment of patients with abdominal sepsis].

The criteria of efficacy of small-flow membranous oxygenation of the blood were defined and the duration of this measure optimized in the treatment of 30 patients hospitalized at the department for abdominal surgery, Moscow District Research and Clinical Institute, after operations for abdominal diseases and purulent complications thereof performed at hospitals of the Moscow district. Small-flow membranous oxygenation of the blood brought about a trend to normalization of the peripheral blood parameters which were changed as a result of inflammation; it was conducive to normalization of the blood acid-base status and oxygen extraction by tissues, and had an immunostimulating effect in general. The level of medium-weight molecular peptides may be regarded as a criterion of the efficacy of small-flow membranous oxygenation of the blood.

[An automated system of diagnosis of cerebrovascular diseases for preventive mass screening of the population].

Employing 19 criteria the authors have elaborated simple formal diagnostic rules in tabulated and automated modes which help detect cerebrovascular diseases in the course of prophylactic check-ups of the population. The automated diagnostic variant includes the assessment of the questionnaire data, rheoencephalography and electrocardiography. The application of this variant has allowed the diagnosis of the disease in 95.

[Aspergillotic septic endocarditis of the mitral and trigeminal valves as a complication of silicotuberculosis].

Fungal endocarditis is caused by fungi Candida and Aspergillus. Continuous intravenous infusions, catheterization, open-heart surgery, tracheal injuries, artificial heart valves can serve as predisposing factors. Aspergillus endocarditis is more common in severe infectious diseases after a prolonged use of antibiotics, cytostatics, glucocorticoids.

[Method of embedding the breast in acetylcellulose].

A new method of preparation and embedding the mamma from mature and elderly women has been suggested for the total histologic study. Acetylcellulose obtained from safety film (used for x-ray, cinema and photography) was used as an embedding material instead of celloidine that is not readily available. The method suggested can be widely applied both for research, and practical activities of pathoanatomists in total histotopographic study of the organ.

[Method of treating the breast in total histological studies].

The presented method of breast treatment, used in a total histologic study, allows one to avoid freasing microtome for large sections, hence, deformation of histologic structures. In cases, when breast consists mainly of fatty tissue, it is impossible to obtain histotopographic sections. The presented scheme of tissue treatment involving standard sledge microtome, acetone, thermostat heat provides 25-35 micron sections.

[Optimization of the decision-making guidelines for the diagnosis of cerebrovascular diseases].

The problem to optimize decision rules and the number of informative signs for the automated diagnosis of the cerebrovascular pathology is analysed. A double application of the algorithm to subdivide the set into clusters makes it possible to decrease the number of informative counts and to rearrange separate signs thus decreasing the dimensionality of the sum dividing subspace and improving a recognition quality for a newly designed classifier even though the number of classes being diagnosed increases.

[Automated system for collecting and processing experimental biomedical data].

The structure, functional capabilities and applications of the automated system for collecting and processing experimental medical data are described. The system is based on the minicomputer M-7000 and commercially available biomedical devices. Original algorithms of filtering, coding and classifying entities representing multiple features are used for data processing.

[Automated system of medical examination data processing].

To solve some problems concerning practical and experimental medicine, an automatic system was elaborated for processing the medical examination data. The core of the system is the NAIRY-2 computer. All the problems to be solved were divided into four groups, according to the software management: those, concerned with archival storage and acquisition of data about the patients' state; on formation of visual (graphic) presentation of the data contained in perforated documents; on diagnosis and prognoses, according to clinical and physiological data through the use of an applied program package; and those to be programmed by the user, in accordance with standard and additional software of the NAIRI-2.