Ultra-broadband spectroscopy using a 2-11.5 µm IDFG-based supercontinuum source.

Supercontinuum sources based on intrapulse difference frequency generation (IDFG) from mode-locked lasers open new opportunities in mid-infrared gas spectroscopy. These sources provide high power and ultra-broadband spectral coverage in the molecular fingerprint region with very low relative intensity noise. Here, we demonstrate the performance of such a light source in combination with a multipass cell and a custom-built Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) for multispecies trace gas detection.

Aberrant methylation of placental development genes in chorionic villi of spontaneous abortions with trisomy 16.

In humans, aneuploidy is incompatible with the birth of healthy children and mainly leads to the death of embryos in the early stages of development in the first trimester of pregnancy. Trisomy 16 is the most common aneuploidy among spontaneous abortions of the first trimester of pregnancy. However, the mechanisms leading to the death of embryos with trisomy 16 remain insufficiently investigated.

Inactivated Flagellin-Containing Vaccine Efficacy against Ovine Enzootic Abortion.

is the etiological agent of abortion and fetal loss in sheep, goats and bovine cattle in many countries. Even though commercially available vaccines can reduce the incidence in sheep, the development of new, safe, and effective vaccines remains high on the agenda. In this study, an evaluation was made of the efficacy of a vaccine candidate, an inactivated antigen based on the extract of outer membrane proteins of a strain known as , in combination with recombinant flagellin as an adjuvant.

The Genetic Origin of the Indo-Europeans.

The Yamnaya archaeological complex appeared around 3300BCE across the steppes north of the Black and Caspian Seas, and by 3000BCE reached its maximal extent from Hungary in the west to Kazakhstan in the east. To localize the ancestral and geographical origins of the Yamnaya among the diverse Eneolithic people that preceded them, we studied ancient DNA data from 428 individuals of which 299 are reported for the first time, demonstrating three previously unknown Eneolithic genetic clines. First, a "Caucasus-Lower Volga" (CLV) Cline suffused with Caucasus hunter-gatherer (CHG) ancestry extended between a Caucasus Neolithic southern end in Neolithic Armenia, and a steppe northern end in Berezhnovka in the Lower Volga.

Dietary C reservoir effects and the chronology of prehistoric burials at Sakhtysh, central European Russia.

We present a robust radiocarbon (C) chronology for burials at Sakhtysh, in European Russia, where nearly 180 inhumations of Lyalovo and Volosovo pottery-using hunter-gatherer-fishers represent the largest known populations of both groups. Past dating attempts were restricted by poor understanding of dietary C reservoir effects (DREs). We developed a DRE correction approach that uses multiple linear regression of differences in C, δC, and δN between bones and teeth of the same individuals to predict DREs of up to approximately 900 years.

Exotic Dark Matter Search with the Majorana Demonstrator.

With excellent energy resolution and ultralow-level radiogenic backgrounds, the high-purity germanium detectors in the Majorana Demonstrator enable searches for several classes of exotic dark matter (DM) models. In this work, we report new experimental limits on keV-scale sterile neutrino DM via the transition magnetic moment from conversion to active neutrinos ν_{s}→ν_{a}. We report new limits on fermionic dark matter absorption (χ+A→ν+A) and sub-GeV DM-nucleus 3→2 scattering (χ+χ+A→ϕ+A), and new exclusion limits for bosonic dark matter (axionlike particles and dark photons).

Constraints on the Decay of ^{180m}Ta.

^{180m}Ta is a rare nuclear isomer whose decay has never been observed. Its remarkably long lifetime surpasses the half-lives of all other known β and electron capture decays due to the large K-spin differences and small energy differences between the isomeric and lower-energy states. Detecting its decay presents a significant experimental challenge but could shed light on neutrino-induced nucleosynthesis mechanisms, the nature of dark matter, and K-spin violation.

Erratum: Search for Spontaneous Radiation from Wave Function Collapse in the Majorana Demonstrator [Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 080401 (2022)].

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.

Longwave infrared (6.6-11.4 µm) dual-comb spectroscopy with 240,000 comb-mode-resolved data points at video rate.

Using sub-3-cycle pulses from mode-locked Cr:ZnS lasers at λ ≈ 2.4 µm as a driving source, we performed high-resolution dual-frequency-comb spectroscopy in the longwave infrared (LWIR) range. A duo of highly coherent broadband (6.

Comparative cytogenetics of anembryonic pregnancies and missed abortions in human.

Miscarriage is an important problem in human reproduction, affecting 10-15 % of clinically recognized pregnancies. The cases of embryonic death can be divided into missed abortion (MA), for which the ultrasound sign of the embryo death is the absence of cardiac activity, and anembryonic pregnancy (AP) without an embryo in the gestational sac. The aim of this study was to compare the frequency of chromosomal abnormalities in extraembryonic tissues detected by conventional cytogenetic analysis of spontaneous abortions depending on the presence or absence of an embryo.

Expression of the NUP153 and YWHAB genes from their canonical promoters and alternative promoters of the LINE-1 retrotransposon in the placenta of the first trimester of pregnancy.

The placenta has a unique hypomethylated genome. Due to this feature of the placenta, there is a potential possibility of using regulatory elements derived from retroviruses and retrotransposons, which are suppressed by DNA methylation in the adult body. In addition, there is an abnormal increase in the level of methylation of the LINE-1 retrotransposon in the chorionic trophoblast in spontaneous abortions with both normal karyotype and aneuploidy on different chromosomes, which may be associated with impaired gene transcription using LINE-1 regulatory elements.

Final Result of the Majorana Demonstrator's Search for Neutrinoless Double-β Decay in ^{76}Ge.

The Majorana Demonstrator searched for neutrinoless double-β decay (0νββ) of ^{76}Ge using modular arrays of high-purity Ge detectors operated in vacuum cryostats in a low-background shield. The arrays operated with up to 40.4 kg of detectors (27.

Interconnected Evolution of Epidemic and Public Vaccination Opinion.

A new model of interconnected coevolving SIRS epidemic and public vaccination opinion pattern is presented. The underlying two-layer network contains strata corresponding to physical interactions in real space and social communications. The layer corresponding to physical interactions is constructed based on data on a real network representing communications between high school students.

Search for Solar Axions via Axion-Photon Coupling with the Majorana Demonstrator.

Axions were originally proposed to explain the strong-CP problem in QCD. Through axion-photon coupling, the Sun could be a major source of axions, which could be measured in solid state detection experiments with enhancements due to coherent Primakoff-Bragg scattering. The Majorana Demonstrator experiment has searched for solar axions with a set of ^{76}Ge-enriched high purity germanium detectors using a 33 kg-yr exposure collected between January, 2017 and November, 2019.

Search for Spontaneous Radiation from Wave Function Collapse in the Majorana Demonstrator.

The Majorana Demonstrator neutrinoless double-beta decay experiment comprises a 44 kg (30 kg enriched in ^{76}Ge) array of p-type, point-contact germanium detectors. With its unprecedented energy resolution and ultralow backgrounds, Majorana also searches for rare event signatures from beyond standard model physics in the low energy region below 100 keV. In this Letter, we test the continuous spontaneous localization (CSL) model, one of the mathematically well-motivated wave function collapse models aimed at solving the long-standing unresolved quantum mechanical measurement problem.

When mechanisms of coalescence and sintering at the nanoscale fundamentally differ: Molecular dynamics study.

Employing classical isothermal molecular dynamics, we simulated coalescence of mesoscopic Au nanodroplets, containing from several thousands to several hundred thousands of atoms, and sintering of mesoscopic solid Au nanoparticles. For our atomistic simulations, we used the embedded atom method. The employed open access program large-scale atomic/molecular massively parallel simulator makes it possible to realize parallel graphical processing unit calculations.

Stone Age genomes shed light on the early evolution, diversity, and ecology of plague.

The bacterial pathogen Yersinia pestis gave rise to devastating outbreaks throughout human history, and ancient DNA evidence has shown it afflicted human populations as far back as the Neolithic. Y. pestis genomes recovered from the Eurasian Late Neolithic/Early Bronze Age (LNBA) period have uncovered key evolutionary steps that led to its emergence from a Yersinia pseudotuberculosis-like progenitor; however, the number of reconstructed LNBA genomes are too few to explore its diversity during this critical period of development.

-event characterization and rejection in point-contact HPGe detectors.

P-type point contact (PPC) HPGe detectors are a leading technology for rare event searches due to their excellent energy resolution, low thresholds, and multi-site event rejection capabilities. We have characterized a PPC detector's response to particles incident on the sensitive passivated and p surfaces, a previously poorly-understood source of background. The detector studied is identical to those in the Majorana Demonstrator experiment, a search for neutrinoless double-beta decay ( ) in Ge.

Generation of iPS cell line (ICGi040-A) from skin fibroblasts of a patient with ring small supernumerary marker chromosome 4.

Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line, ICGi040-A, was obtained from skin fibroblasts derived from a male patient with mosaic ring small supernumerary marker chromosome 4 (sSMS(4)) and infertility. ICGi040-A cells have karyotype 47,XY,+r(4) in 97% of cells and express a set of pluripotent markers, as well as are able to differentiate in vitro into derivatives of all three embryonic germ layers.

Identification of differentially methylated genes in first-trimester placentas with trisomy 16.

The presence of an extra chromosome in the embryo karyotype often dramatically affects the fate of pregnancy. Trisomy 16 is the most common aneuploidy in first-trimester miscarriages. The present study identified changes in DNA methylation in chorionic villi of miscarriages with trisomy 16.

NLRP7 variants in spontaneous abortions with multilocus imprinting disturbances from women with recurrent pregnancy loss.

Purpose: Comparative analysis of multilocus imprinting disturbances (MLIDs) in miscarriages from women with sporadic (SPL) and recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) and identification of variants in the imprinting control gene NLRP7 that may lead to MLIDs.

Methods: Chorionic cytotrophoblast and extraembryonic mesoderm samples from first-trimester miscarriages were evaluated in 120 women with RPL and 134 women with SPL; 100 induced abortions were analyzed as a control group. All miscarriages had a normal karyotype.

Prenatal Diagnosis of Small Supernumerary Marker Chromosome 10 by Array-Based Comparative Genomic Hybridization and Microdissected Chromosome Sequencing.

Interpreting the clinical significance of small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMCs) in prenatal diagnosis is still an urgent problem in genetic counselling regarding the fate of a pregnancy. We present a case of prenatal diagnosis of mosaic sSMC(10) in a foetus with a normal phenotype. Comprehensive cytogenomic analyses by array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), sSMC microdissection with next-generation sequencing (NGS) of microdissected library, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with locus-specific and telomere-specific DNA probes and quantitative real-time PCR revealed that sSMC(10) had a ring structure and was derived from the pericentromeric region of chromosome 10 with involvement of the 10p11.

Method of targeted bisulfite massive parallel sequencing of the human LINE-1 retrotransposon promoter.

The methylation index of the LINE-1 promoter is one of the most commonly used markers for assessing the global level of genome methylation in various human cells and tissues. We developed an NGS-based protocol for DNA methylation analysis of the LINE-1 retrotransposon promoter. This approach allows assessment of the DNA methylation index of 19 CpG sites in the LINE-1 promoter that have the highest tissue- or tumor-specific variability.