Pharmacological treatment of hypertension and hyperlipidemia in Izhevsk, Russia.

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in Russia. Hypertension and hyperlipidemia are important risk factors for CVD that are modifiable by pharmacological treatment and life-style changes. We aimed to characterize the extent of the problem in a typical Russian city by examining the prevalence, treatment and control rates of hypertension and hyperlipidemia and investigating whether the specific pharmacological regimes used were comparable with guidelines from a country with much lower CVD rates.

Self-reported symptoms of chronic cough and breathlessness in working-age men in the city of Izhevsk, Russia: associations with cardiovascular disease risk factors and comorbidities.

Introduction: Very little is known about the prevalence of respiratory symptoms or their associations with other health conditions in Russia.

Methods: Between 2008 and 2010, a sample of 983 men resident in Izhevsk, Russia, took part in a cross-sectional survey. Presence of respiratory symptoms was determined from self-report of chronic productive cough and breathlessness assessed using the British Medical Research Council (MRC) breathlessness scale.

Socio-demographic predictors of dimensions of the AUDIT score in a population sample of working-age men in Izhevsk, Russia.

Aims: To investigate the relationship between socio-demographic factors and alcohol drinking patterns identified through a formal analysis of the factor structure of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) score in a population sample of working-age men in Russia.

Methods: In 2008-2009, a sample of 1005 men aged 25-59 years living in Izhevsk, Russia were interviewed and information collected about socio-demographic circumstances. Responses to the AUDIT questions were obtained through a self-completed questionnaire.

The choice of compressor effects the aerosol parameters and the delivery of tobramycin from a single model nebulizer.

Recent U.S. Phase III trials of the aerosolized delivery of tobramycin to cystic fibrosis (CF) patients demonstrated a significant improvement in pulmonary function and in sputum bacterial density.

Bioavailability and metabolism of potassium phosphanilate in laboratory animals and humans.

Phosphanilic acid is an antibacterial agent with a mode of action and antibacterial spectrum similar to those of sulfamethoxazole, with the exception that it has potent antipseudomonal activity. Bioavailability studies in rats (50, 300, and 600 mg/kg, oral and subcutaneous), dogs (50, 150, and 450 mg/kg, oral and intravenous infusion), and humans (400 and 800 mg, oral) showed that the extent of oral absorption of potassium phosphanilate was low. The bioavailability, calculated by comparing the oral values for area under the plasma concentration curve with those for the respective parenteral doses, was 10% for rats and 45 (50 and 150 mg/kg) and 19% (450 mg/kg) for dogs.

Disposition of parenteral butorphanol in man.

The metabolism and elimination of 3H-butorphanol (levo-3, 14-dihydroxy-N-(cyclobutylmethyl)[15-3H]morhinan) tartrate were determined in man after therapeutic im (2 mg) and iv (1 mg) doses. As judged from urinary excretion of radioactivity, the im dose was completely absorbed. Butorphanol was rapidly distributed to tissues, had a plasma half-life of about 3 hr, and was extensively metabolized prior to elimination.