An Insidious Case of Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis Secondary to Pauci-Immune Crescentic Glomerulonephritis.

Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) is a severe type of nephritic syndrome that involves progressive loss of kidney function and can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. RPGN has many etiologies, of which pauci-immune crescenting glomerulonephritis (PICGN) is the most common; however, patients often present with nonspecific symptoms, which can lead to a delay in diagnosis and treatment. We describe one such case that was correctly identified only after multiple clinic and hospital encounters.

Unexpected spontaneous expectoration of a grass bur: A case report.

Adult foreign body aspiration is rare and represents only 15%-25% of all foreign body aspirations and 1 in 400 bronchoscopy procedures. Typically, adults present non-emergently and exhibit non-specific symptoms, which makes the diagnosis of foreign body aspiration especially difficult when a history of aspiration cannot be elicited. We present a 63-year-old male with a past medical history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease hospitalized for left thoracic empyema caused by the aspiration of a grass bur.

Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in the Treatment of Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathy: From Mechanisms of Action to Clinical Applications.

Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) result in proximal muscle weakness and other intramuscular and extramuscular manifestations. Pharmacologic treatments in use for IIMs are limited to corticosteroids and immunosuppressants in addition to supportive physical and occupational therapy. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists are currently utilized in the treatment of type II diabetes and obesity but may play a role in the treatment of IIMs.

The adhesion-GPCR BAI1 shapes dendritic arbors via Bcr-mediated RhoA activation causing late growth arrest.

Dendritic arbor architecture profoundly impacts neuronal connectivity and function, and aberrant dendritic morphology characterizes neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we identify the adhesion-GPCR BAI1 as an important regulator of dendritic arborization. BAI1 loss from mouse or rat hippocampal neurons causes dendritic hypertrophy, whereas BAI1 overexpression precipitates dendrite retraction.

Memantine prevents acute radiation-induced toxicities at hippocampal excitatory synapses.

Background: Memantine has shown clinical utility in preventing radiation-induced cognitive impairment, but the mechanisms underlying its protective effects remain unknown. We hypothesized that abnormal glutamate signaling causes radiation-induced abnormalities in neuronal structure and that memantine prevents synaptic toxicity.

Methods: Hippocampal cultures expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein were irradiated or sham-treated and their dendritic spine morphology assessed at acute (minutes) and later (days) times using high-resolution confocal microscopy.