Expression of phosphorylated Akt, mTOR and MAPK in type I endometrial carcinoma: clinical significance.

Background/aim: The Akt/mTOR and MAPK pathways are frequently activated in various tumor types but data on endometrial carcinoma are limited. The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical significance of the expression of phosphorylated MAPK, Akt and mTOR (p-MAPK, p-Akt, p-mTOR) in type I endometrial carcinoma.

Materials And Methods: The study comprised of 103 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) type I endometrial carcino ma cases, retrospectively retrieved and assessed by immuno histochemistry for p-MAPK, p-Akt and p-mTOR expression.

The prognostic role of preoperative serum CA 125 levels in patients with endometrial carcinoma.

Purpose: Previous studies have shown that elevated preoperative serum CA 125 levels strongly correlate with various clinical and pathological variables and prognosis of patients with endometrial carcinoma (EC). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical significance of preoperative serum CA 125 levels in patients with EC.

Methods: A retrospective study of all EC patients treated at our institution between 1995 and 2010 with available follow-up was conducted.

No association of the G972S polymorphism of the insulin receptor substrate-1 gene with polycystic ovary syndrome in lean PCOS women with biochemical hyperandrogenemia.

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence and association of the G972S polymorphism of the insulin receptor substrate-1 gene (IRS-1 G972S SNP) with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and insulin resistance-related traits in a distinct phenotypic group of lean PCOS women with biochemical hyperandrogenemia, excluding obesity, which is considered to be an aggravating parameter of insulin resistance.

Methods: The study included 162 women with PCOS and 122 regularly menstruating, ovulatory women as controls. Physical measurements included weight, height, fat-free mass, fat mass, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and resting heart rate.

Obesity and insulin resistance increase plasma viscosity in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Objective: To investigate the plasma viscosity in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Design: Patients with PCOS and healthy controls were assessed for plasma viscosity. The acquired data were tested for association with hyperandrogenemia, obesity and insulin resistance (IR) in patients with PCOS.

Increased frequency of thyroid nodules and breast fibroadenomas in women with uterine fibroids.

Fibroids or leiomyomas or myomas of the uterus are the most common benign gynecologic disease, while fibroadenomas of the breast are most frequently seen in young women, usually within 20 years after puberty. Multiple tumors in one or both breasts are found in 10-15% of patients. Single thyroid nodules are much more common in women than in men, and their prevalence increases with age.