Vitamin D, Breastfeeding and Food Allergy.

In as much as many infants develop allergic symptoms early in infancy, and exposure to allergens may be important in the development of food allergies, there is great interest in maternal dietary strategies during pregnancy and lactation that may prevent food allergies, and thus reduce the burden of disease. Vitamin D levels are known to be associated with atopic disease development in early infancy; however, existing data are controversial. The aim of this review was to investigate any possible effect of vitamin D on the onset of neonatal allergy via breast feeding.

Rare combination of unilateral renal agenesis, congenital obstructive posterior urethral membrane, and enlarged prostatic utricle, with absence of hydroureteronephrosis.

The existence of congenital obstructive posterior urethral membrane (COPUM), extending proximally from the verumontanum toward the bladder neck, has been widely debated. Although COPUM often leads to chronic renal disease, a milder degree of obstruction and protective pressure pop-off mechanisms have been reported. We present a male infant with a rare combination of unilateral renal agenesis, COPUM proximally from the verumontanum to the bladder neck, and enlarged prostatic utricle.

Kidney development in the first year of life in small-for-gestational-age preterm infants.

Background: Small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants have been reported to have a significantly reduced number of nephrons that could be a risk factor for development of hypertension later in life.

Objective: To evaluate kidney size prospectively in relation to other anthropometric parameters during the first year of life in SGA babies.

Materials And Methods: The babies in the study were 31-36 weeks' gestational age (GA) at birth and were matched with control preterm infants of similar GA, but appropriate for gestational age (AGA).

Rare causes of acute hyperkalemia in the 1st week of life. Three case reports.

We describe three neonates with hyperkalemia and renal salt wasting during the 1st week of life. Endocrinological evaluation led to the diagnosis of selective hypoaldosteronism (HA) in two neonates and secondary pseudohypoaldosteronism (PHA) in one. The infant with PHA developed a urinary tract infection, and radiological investigation demonstrated a small dysplastic left kidney with vesicoureteral reflux.

Acute effects of gentamicin on urinary electrolyte excretion in neonates.

It has recently been shown that a single dose of gentamicin causes immediate and transient calcium and magnesium renal wasting in adults. The aim of this study was to determine the acute effect of gentamicin administration on renal electrolyte handling in preterm and full-term neonates. Twenty-three neonates treated with gentamicin for suspected infection were enrolled in the study.

Urinary lithogenic and inhibitory factors in preterm neonates receiving either total parenteral nutrition or milk formula.

Unlabelled: The aim of this study was to evaluate prospectively the influence of nutrition on certain factors which may inhibit or promote nephrocalcinosis in two groups of preterm infants, receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and special preterm milk formula respectively, but not furosemide. A total of 37 preterm infants, 15 on TPN and 22 fed a special preterm formula were studied at the end of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd weeks of life, at which time serum and 8 h urine specimens were collected. High ratios of urinary calcium to urinary creatinine (UCa/cr), urinary oxalate to urinary creatinine (Uox/cr) and urinary calcium to urinary citrate (UCa/cit) indicates an increased risk for nephrocalcinosis while high urinary citrate to urinary creatinine (Ucit/cr) ratio indicates protection.

Renal function and effect of aminoglycoside therapy during the first ten days of life.

The effect of aminoglycoside administration on kidney functional maturation was evaluated in groups of 30 preterm and 30 fullterm infants who were treated for 7 days because of suspected infection. One of three different aminoglycosides was administered to each subgroup of ten preterm and ten fullterm infants. Changes in tubular function in groups of ten preterm and ten fullterm infants who were not given antibiotics were also compared.