[Physiological and biochemical studies as a necessary component of the algorithm for assessing the effectiveness of food minor biologically active substances].

Preclinical physiological and biochemical studies of the effectiveness of the tested biologically active substances in the conditions of simulated pathology in laboratory animals are an important stage preceding the assessment of the clinical effectiveness of the created specialized foods for therapeutic or preventive nutrition. of this work is a brief review of the developed algorithm for preclinical assessment of the effectiveness of specialized foods, which includes a set of sequential stages of testing the safety, stability, bioavailability and effectiveness of biologically active substances in experiments on laboratory animals. .

Detection of Gold Nanoparticles in Rat Organs by Transmission Electron Microscopy.

The effects of water-dispersed gold nanoparticles (8.0±0.9 nm in diameter) on the rat small intestinal mucosa and Peyer plaques, liver, and spleen were studied by electron microscopy.

Identification of silver nanoparticles in the small intestinal mucosa, liver, and spleen of rats by transmission electron microscopy.

The effects of water-dispersed Ag nanoparticles on the small intestinal mucosa, liver, and spleen of rats were studied by transmission electron microscopy. Acute experiments demonstrated penetration of Ag nanoparticles injected into the isolated intestinal loop into the intestinal mucosa, liver, and splenic tissues. Ultrastructural changes (lobed nucleus, megamitochondria) were found in the studied organs.

Effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on small intestinal mucosa in rats.

Penetration of titanium dioxide nanoparticles into enterocytes after their administration into isolated loop of rat small intestine was shown in vivo by transmission electron microscopy. Using electron diffraction, titanium dioxide nanoparticles were identified in the apical regions of the cells under plasma membranes and in deeper parts of the cytoplasm as solitary objects or small aggregations. Water dispersions of nanoparticles (3-h exposure to high concentrations) caused no appreciable morphological changes in enterocyte ultrastructure.

Estimation of blood microcirculation in integuments by non-invasive speckle-optical method under the photodynamic action.

In studies on animals (rats, rabbits) an experimental technique for estimation of microhemocirculation parameters of tissue under treatment has been developed. This technique has been used to compare the changes of speckle-optical parameters of skin microhemodynamics in laser-irradiated and light-isolated areas in the course of photodynamic therapy. Strong correlation between efficiency of tissue response and injection-photoirradiation time interval has been established.

Participation of the hypothalamus in the feedback regulation of the pituitary-adrenocortical system.

The activity of the pituitary-adrenocortical system, which was judged according to the level of corticosteroids in the blood, and the electrical response of the anterior, medial, and lateral hypothalamus to intravenous injection of hydrocortisone (1 mg/kg) were investigated in chronic experiments on rabbits with implanted semimicroelectrodes. It was shown that hydrocortisone induces an inhibition of the pituitary-adrenocortical function and changes the multineuronal activity of the hypothalamus. In the anterior hypothalamus, pools of neurons predominated, the discharge frequency of which was increased, while in the medial and lateral hypothalamus it was decreased.

Immunologic study of antigens and molecular hybridization of nucleic acids from milk of breast cancer patients.

Comparative study has shown that by the gel diffusion assay both anti-HEp-2 virus serum and anti-breast cancer milk ultrasediment serum precipitated an identical antigen in human milk specimens, which was not identical with the group specific antigen of the HEp-2 virus. At the same time tha anti-breast cancer milk serum did not precipitate the HEp-2 virus. However, molecular hybridization experiments revealed nucleotide sequences homologous to nucleic acids of oncornavirus of D-type in milk obtained from breast carcinoma patients as well as in milk of healthy donors.