Glial cell deficits are a key feature of schizophrenia: implications for neuronal circuit maintenance and histological differentiation from classical neurodegeneration.

Dysfunctional glial cells play a pre-eminent role in schizophrenia pathophysiology. Post-mortem studies have provided evidence for significantly decreased glial cell numbers in different brain regions of individuals with schizophrenia. Reduced glial cell numbers are most pronounced in oligodendroglia, but reduced astrocyte cell densities have also been reported.

Possible temporal relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: a meta-analysis.

The global impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection has raised concerns about secondary diseases beyond acute illness. This review explores the significance and potential underlying mechanisms of how SARS-CoV-2 infection might elicit an immune response targeting N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, and its implications for autoimmune-driven neuropsychiatric manifestations. We identified 19 published case reports of NMDA receptor encephalitis associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination by a systematic literature search.

Changes in leukocytes and CRP in different stages of major depression.

Background: We recently reported increased levels of neutrophils, monocytes and C-reactive protein (CRP) correlated with symptom severity in acute schizophrenia. Here, we investigated if a similar pattern of innate immune system activation occurs in major depression (MD).

Methods: We assessed differential blood counts, CRP, depression symptoms (HAMD-21) and psychosocial functioning (GAF) in controls (n = 129) and patients with first (FEMD: n = 82) or recurrent (RMD: n = 47) disease episodes of MD at baseline (T0; hospital admission) and after 6-weeks treatment (T6).

Molecular mimicry of NMDA receptors may contribute to neuropsychiatric symptoms in severe COVID-19 cases.

Approximately 30% of individuals with severe SARS-CoV-2 infections also develop neurological and psychiatric complaints. In rare cases, the occurrence of autoimmune encephalitis has been reported after SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this systematic review, we have identified eight SARS-CoV-2-associated cases of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis.

Potential Cross-Links of Inflammation With Schizophreniform and Affective Symptoms: A Review and Outlook on Autoimmune Encephalitis and COVID-19.

Based on current implications of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic with regards to mental health, we show that biological links exist between inflammation and mental illness in addition to psychoreactive effects. We describe key principles of the biological interaction of the immune system and the mind, as well as the possible routes of viral entry into the brain. In addition, we provide a stepwise scheme for the diagnosis and therapy of autoimmune-encephalitis with schizophrenia-like symptomatology as a general guide for clinical practice and in the specialized scenario of infections, such as those caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus.

Reduced habenular volumes and neuron numbers in male heroin addicts: a post-mortem study.

The Habenula is increasingly being investigated in addiction. Reduced volumes of other relevant brain regions in addiction, such as nucleus accumbens, globus pallidus and hypothalamus have been reported. Reduced volumes of the habenula as well as reduced neuronal cell count in the habenula have also been reported in mood disorders and an overlap between mood disorders and addiction is clinically widely recognized.

Parosteal osteosarcoma.

In this retrospective clinical study, 6 cases of osteosarcoma of the bone have been analyzed. Five patients were with parosteal osteosarcoma and one with periosteal osteosarcoma. The study was performed at the Clinic for Orthopaedic Surgery in Skopje, Macedonia, from 1995 to 2005.

Magnetic resonance imaging signs of iliotibial band friction in patients with isolated medial compartment osteoarthritis of the knee.

Background: The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess the frequency of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signs of iliotibial band friction (ITBF) in patients with advanced medial compartment knee osteoarthritis.

Material And Methods: Proton density-weighted (PDw) fat-saturated (fatsat) MR images (1.5 T, slice thickness (SL) 2.

The advantages of the application of amnion membrane in the treatment of burns.

A crucial and important factor for successful treatment of burns is the early covering of the burned area with skin substitutes. The covering of the burn requires material that restores the epidermal function and integrates itself into the process of healing. Biological dressings are the golden standard for the temporary covering of burns.

High-grade surface osteosarcoma - chondroblastic type.

We present the case of an 8-year-old boy with pain in the distal part of the right thigh that occurred after a ball injury, without haematoma or oedema. The plain film showed exostosis of the distal part of the right femur. In another institution the "exostosis-like" formation was surgically removed and the histological finding was an aggressive type of chondroblastoma.

Imaging diagnosis of musculoskeletal hydatid disease.

Hydatid disease has a worldwide distribution and causes health problems in endemic countries. Musculoskeletal hydatid disease may be a difficult differential diagnosis. The aim of this retrospective study is to present some different imaging features of musculoskeletal hydatid disease.

MDCT versus digital radiography in the evaluation of bone healing in orthopedic patients.

Objective: Assessment of bone healing in orthopedic patients is usually monitored by radiographs in two views. The purpose of our study was to compare multiplanar reconstructions from MDCT data sets with digital radiographs for assessing the extent of bone healing.

Materials And Methods: Forty-three orthopedic patients (19 women, 24 men) who underwent MDCT and radiography after arthrodesis, fractures, or spinal fusions were included in our study.

[Demineralising osteopathies: new aspects of diagnostic imaging].

The wide use of multimodal radiologic analysis of bone tissue has led to a new concept of the term osteopenia towards grouping the various osteopathies as demineralizing osteopathies. With bone densitometry measurements both high precision and accuracy can be achieved, whereas conventional radiographs provide insights into the architecture of the bone to better advantage. By using both modalities discrepancies of the radiological reports with the final diagnosis may be avoided.