Absence of association between maternal adverse events and long-term gut microbiome outcomes in the Australian autism biobank.

Introduction: Maternal immune activation (MIA) and prenatal maternal stress (MatS) are well-studied risk factors for psychiatric conditions such as autism and schizophrenia. Animal studies have proposed the gut microbiome as a mechanism underlying this association and have found that risk factor-related gut microbiome alterations persist in the adult offspring. In this cross-sectional study, we assessed whether maternal immune activation and prenatal maternal stress were associated with long-term gut microbiome alterations in children using shotgun metagenomics.

Associations of the Gut Microbiome With Treatment Resistance in Schizophrenia.

Importance: There is growing interest in the role of gut microbiome composition in schizophrenia. However, lifestyle factors are often neglected, and few studies have investigated microbiome composition in treatment-resistant schizophrenia.

Objective: To explore associations between the gut microbiome and schizophrenia diagnosis, treatment resistance, clozapine response, and treatment-related adverse effects while adjusting for demographic and lifestyle factors.

Reminder-dependent alterations in long-term declarative memory expression.

The reminder of a previously-learned memory can render that memory vulnerable to disruption or change in expression. Such memory alterations have been viewed as supportive of the framework of memory reconsolidation. However, alternative interpretations and inconsistencies in the replication of fundamental findings have raised questions particularly in the domain of human declarative memory.

Does the gut microbiome mediate antipsychotic-induced metabolic side effects in schizophrenia?

Introduction: Second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) are the most effective treatment for people with schizophrenia. Despite their effectiveness in treating psychotic symptoms, they have been linked to metabolic, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal side-effects. The gut microbiome has been implicated in potentiating symptoms of schizophrenia, response to treatment, and medication-induced side effects and thus presents a novel target mediating second-generation antipsychotic-induced side effects in patients.

Parent-of-origin effects on nuclear chromatin organization and behavior in a Drosophila model for Williams-Beuren Syndrome.

Prognosis of neuropsychiatric disorders in progeny requires consideration of individual (1) parent-of-origin effects (POEs) relying on (2) the nerve cell nuclear 3D chromatin architecture and (3) impact of parent-specific miRNAs. Additionally, the shaping of cognitive phenotypes in parents depends on both learning acquisition and forgetting, or memory erasure. These processes are independent and controlled by different signal cascades: the first is cAMPdependent, the second relies on actin remodeling by small GTPase Rac1 - LIMK1 (LIM-kinase 1).

Clinical and Economic Burden of Mild-to-Moderate Atopic Dermatitis in the UK: A Propensity-Score-Matched Case-Control Study.

Introduction: The burden of mild-to-moderate atopic dermatitis (AD) in the United Kingdom (UK) is not well understood. Long-lasting AD flares may lead to systemic inflammation resulting in reversible progression from mild to more severe AD. This study aimed to assess the clinical and economic burden of mild-to-moderate AD in the UK.

Abnormal thyroid function is common in takotsubo syndrome and depends on two distinct mechanisms: results of a multicentre observational study.

Background: Several reports have described Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) secondary to thyrotoxicosis. A complex interaction of central and peripheral catecholamines with thyroid homeostasis has been suggested. In this study, we analysed sequential thyroid hormone profiles during the acute phase of TTS.

[Disorders of spatial working memory in affective disorders with mild current depression and their neurophysiological correlates].

Aim: To assess spatial working memory disorders in patients with mild depressive disorders and determine their neurophysiological correlates.

Material And Methods: Thirty patients (right-handed) with ICD-10 diagnosis Mood Disorders (F31.3, F32.

Developmental Vitamin D Deficiency Produces Behavioral Phenotypes of Relevance to Autism in an Animal Model.

Emerging evidence suggests that gestational or developmental vitamin D (DVD) deficiency is associated with an increased risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). ASD is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments in social interaction, lack of verbal and non-verbal communications, stereotyped repetitive behaviors and hyper-activities. There are several other clinical features that are commonly comorbid with ASD, including olfactory impairments, anxiety and delays in motor development.

[CO-CULTURE OF BOAR SPERMATOGONIAL CELLS WITH SERTOLI CELLS].

In the present study, we developed in vitro culture conditions using co-culture of boar spermatogonial cells with Sertoli cells. Testes from 60-day-old crossbred boar were used. A spermatogonia-enriched culture was achieved by enzymatic digestion method and purification by density gradient centrifugation using a discontinuous Percoll gradient and differentiated adherence technique.

[Reparative osteogenesis after incorporation of roncoleukin into therapy for experimental tuberculous gonitis].

The authors evaluated reparative osteogenesis after incorporation of roncoleukin into combination therapy for experimental drug-resistant tuberculous osteitis. Roncoleukin (12.5 pg/kg, 5 injections, once every 3 days) was used during antituberculosis therapy before and after combined plasty (autobone + OsteoSet-T) in repairing surgical defects.

[Nitrogen oxide is involved in the regulation of the Fe-S cluster assembly in proteins and the formation of biofilms by Escherichia coli cells].

The functions of nitrogen oxide (NO) in the regulation of the reversible processes of Fe-S cluster assembly in proteins and the formation of Escherichia coli biofilms have been investigated. S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) and crystalline nitrosyl complexes of iron with sulfur-containing aliphatic ligands cisaconite (CisA) and penaconite have been used as NO donors for the first time. Wild-type E.

[Pharmacological activity of runihol and S-adenosyl-L-methionine in rats with experimental liver damage by reserve antituberculosis drugs].

The hepatoprotective action of runihol and S-adenosyl-L-methionine (ademethionine) has been studied in a group of 47 white outbred male rats with model liver injury induced by reserve antituberculosis drugs (PAS, prothionamide, cycloserine). The ability of test drugs to correct structural and functional liver disorders is established. Both runihol and ademethionine favored decrease in the signs of structural and functional liver disorders induced by reserve antituberculosis drugs, Showing mixed type of action, the test drugs promoted recovery of the liver parenchyma and reduced manifestations of hepatocyte dystrophy to the same extent, without manifestations of necrobiotic processes and a mononuclear infiltration.

[The hepatoprotective activity of remaxol and S-adenosyl-L-methionine for liver damage caused by reserve-series antituberculosis drugs].

Experiments on male albino outbred rats investigated the hepatoprotective activity of remaxol and ademethionine in liver damage caused by reserve-series antituberculosis drugs. The test drugs had a mixed action, by reducing the degree of cytolytic and cholestatic syndromes. Remaxol and ademethionine assist in diminishing the degree of liver structural and functional impairments occurring with reserve-series antituberculosis drugs, by restoring the girder structure of lobes and decreasing the magnitude of dystrophic changes to stimulate reparative processes.

[Use of advances in fundamental science in the development of methods of biological dosimetry of nitric oxide (no) (literature review)].

The review of the results of fundamental physical, chemical and biological studies proposed to be used in the program for elaboration methods of biological nitric oxide (NO) dosimetry is presented. Particular attention was paid to the structures of dinitrosyl iron complexes (DNIC). The review includes subsection: target of NO in the cell; DNIC function in biology and medicine; DNIC--the largest pool of intracellular iron; EPR signal g = 2.

[The effect of runihol and exogenous S-adenosyl-L-methionine on the morphological pattern of the liver upon hepatotoxic exposure to reserve-series antituberculous drugs].

Experiments on 160 male albino outbred rats investigated the hepatoprotective activity of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) and runihol in liver damage caused by subtoxic doses of reserve-series antituberculous drugs (ATD) (PASA, cycloserine, prothionamide) and their combination. It was established that a combination of ATDs had the maximum hepatotoxic activity, cycloserine had the least. There was evidence that SAM versus runihol had a more pronounced ability to correct ATD-induced evolving cytolysis syndrome.

[An experimental study of the efficiency of cycloferon in the complex chemotherapy of generalized drug-resistant tuberculosis].

The results of an experimental study of the efficiency of cycloferon included in a complex chemotherapy of generalized drug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) are presented. It is established that cycloferon (3.6 mg/kg) produces a significant therapeutic effect, which is manifested by an increase in the lung clearance from MBT, a decrease in the spread of specific inflammation in the lungs, and the disappearance of MBT-induced alterations.

[Investigation of remaxol efficacy in complex therapy of experimental generalized tuberculosis on mice].

Efficacy of remaxol in complex chemotherapy of generalized drug resistant tuberculosis was studied on mice. Mycobacterium tuberculosis 5419 SPBNIIF isolated from a patient with freshey diagnosticated pulmonary tuberculosis resistant to isoniazid (10 mcg/ml), rifampicin (40 mcg/ml), streptomycin (10 mcg/ml) and ethionamide (30 mcg/ml) was used in the experiments. The main polychemotherapy included 4 antituberculosis drugs in the highest therapeutic doses: isoniazid, amikacin, ethambutol and tavanic, the treatment course was 8 weeks.

[Effect of succinate- and methionine-containing drug runihol on reparative regeneration processes in liver under experimental hepatectomy conditions].

The effect of runihol and ademethionine on the processes of reparative regeneration in the liver has been experimentally studied in a group of 78 white male rats subjected to partial hepatectomy, in comparison to intact and drug-untreated operated control animals. The administration of ademethionine and runihol within the first four days after operation led to a decrease in the relative area of discomplexation in liver beams and the appearance of prerequisites of the activation of regeneration processes. A morphometric investigation showed that ademethionine stimulated intracellular regeneration reactions on all terms after the partial extirpation of liver, the most pronounced effect being observed on the 4th and 10th days, while the administration of runihol led to comparable effects only on the 14th day.

[The sources of inorganic sulfur in the process of cluster protein Fnr[4Fe-4S]2+ reconstruction in Escherichia coli cells cultivated with NO-donating agents].

Dinitrosyl iron complexes (DNICs) with thiol ligands--binuclear and mononuclear--inhibited aidB gene expression in E. coli cells. This process is due to the nitrosylation of the active center in iron-sulfur protein Fnr [4Fe-4S]2+ by low-molecular DNICs.

[SOS response of DNA repair and genetic cell instability under hypoxic conditions].

The SOS DNA repair pathway is induced in E. coli as a multifunctional cell response to a wide variety of signals: UV, X or gamma-irradiation, mitomycin C or nalidixic acid treatment, thymine starvation, etc. Triggering of the system can be used as a general and early sign of DNA damage.

[Comparative study of hepatoprotective action of remaxol, reamberin and ademethionine in liver injury induced by antituberculosis drugs (experimental study)].

The hepatoprotective activity of remaxol, reamberin and ademethionine was studied on a model of the liver injury induced by antituberculosis drugs. The study included 30 male uninbred albino rats. The following antituberculosis drugs were used: isoniazid (50 mg/kg) subcutaneously + rifampicin (250 mg/kg) intragastrically + pyrazinamide (45 mg/kg) intragastically (by the procedure of Yu.