Intensification of Vero cell adherence to microcarrier particles during cultivation in a wave bioreactor.

Vaccination is the most effective strategy for fighting viral diseases, with both live and inactivated vaccines remaining crucial despite advancements in subunit vaccine technologies. A key player in vaccine production is the Vero cell line, derived from the kidney cells of the African green monkey, which is essential for manufacturing vaccines against diseases like polio, rabies, yellow fever, and COVID-19. The efficiency of Vero cell cultivation directly impacts vaccine production, often utilizing bioreactors ranging from small (1-10 L) to large (up to several thousand liters).

Morpho-physiological digestive features of genetically closely related sympatric lacustrine whitefish forms with different feeding habits.

The effect of different feeding habits on gut morphology and digestive function has been intensively studied during the last decades but sympatric closely related fishes are relatively rare objects of such studies. In the present study, we have identified both morphological and physiological changes in the digestive system of a sympatric pair of whitefish represented by "normal" Coregonus lavaretus pidschian (benthivorous) and "dwarf" C. l.

Reaction Pathways and Redox States in α-Selective Cobalt-Catalyzed Hydroborations of Alkynes.

Cobalt(II) alkyl complexes supported by a monoanionic NNN pincer ligand are pre-catalysts for the regioselective hydroboration of terminal alkynes, yielding the Markovnikov products with α:β-(E) ratios of up to 97:3. A cobalt(II) hydride and a cobalt(II) vinyl complex appear to determine the main reaction pathway. In a background reaction the highly reactive hydrido species specifically converts to a coordinatively unsaturated cobalt(I) complex which was found to re-enter the main catalytic cycle.

Tackling N-Alkyl Imines with 3d Metal Catalysis: Highly Enantioselective Iron-Catalyzed Synthesis of α-Chiral Amines.

A readily activated iron alkyl precatalyst effectively catalyzes the highly enantioselective hydroboration of N-alkyl imines. Employing a chiral bis(oxazolinylmethylidene)isoindoline pincer ligand, the asymmetric reduction of various acyclic N-alkyl imines provided the corresponding α-chiral amines in excellent yields and with up to >99 % ee. The applicability of this base metal catalytic system was further demonstrated with the synthesis of the pharmaceuticals Fendiline and Tecalcet.

Borohydride intermediates pave the way for magnesium-catalysed enantioselective ketone reduction.

A magnesium precatalyst for the highly enantioselective hydro-boration of C[double bond, length as m-dash]O bonds is reported. The mechanistic basis of the unprecedented selectivity of this transformation has been investi-gated experimentally by isolation of catalytic intermediates and theoretically by DFT calculations. The facile formation of a magnesium borohydride species is critical in overcoming competing pathways in the selectivity-determining insertion step.

[Impairments of cognitive control in patients with somatoform disorders and their treatment].

Aim: To study impairments of cognitive control in patients with somatoform disorders (SD) and to evaluate the efficacy of recognan in the treatment of this pathology.

Material And Methods: Forty-six patients with SD, aged from 18 to 45 years, were studied. A clinical history, neurological examination, and assessment of autonomic disorders were collected from all patients.

Melt flow of biopolymer through the cavities of an extruder die: Mathematical modelling.

This is an analytical solution of the two-dimensional non-isothermal mathematical model describing the change in the velocity profile of a cylindrical extrusion die. This solution is based on the following assumptions. The two-dimensional melt flow is asymmetric.

The open d-shell enforces the active space in 3d metal catalysis: highly enantioselective chromium(ii) pincer catalysed hydrosilylation of ketones.

Bis(oxazolinyldimethylmethyl)pyrrol (PdmBox) stereodirecting ligands provided the key to the chromium(ii)-catalysed highly enantioselective hydrosilylation of ketones. A rare square planar, chiral chromium(ii) alkyl complex was found to serve as a potent precatalyst for the reduction of a broad range of aryl alkyl and dialkyl ketone derivatives. The stereoelectronic preference of the open d4 shell of chromium(ii) firmly locks the molecular catalyst in a square planar geometry giving rise to two blocked quadrants of the coordination sphere.

One-Pot Sequential Kinetic Profiling of a Highly Reactive Manganese Catalyst for Ketone Hydroboration: Leveraging σ-Bond Metathesis via Alkoxide Exchange Steps.

A comprehensive experimental and computational mechanistic study of the highly enantioselective hydroboration of ketones catalyzed by a manganese(II) alkyl boxmi pincer complex is reported. The catalyst operates at low catalyst loadings (down to 0.01 mol %) under very mild conditions (typically -40 °C) and facilitates the reduction of both aryl alkyl and dialkyl ketones with excellent selectivity (up to >95%ee).

Ultrafast Iron-Catalyzed Reduction of Functionalized Ketones: Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of Halohydrines, Oxaheterocycles, and Aminoalcohols.

A molecularly defined chiral boxmi iron alkyl complex catalyzes the hydroboration of various functionalized ketones and provides the corresponding chiral halohydrines, oxaheterocycles (oxiranes, oxetanes, tetrahydrofurans, and dioxanes) and amino alcohols with excellent enantioselectivities (up to >99 %ee) and conversion efficiencies at low catalyst loadings (as low as 0.5 mol %). Turnover frequencies of greater than 40000 h at -30 °C highlight the activity of this earth-abundant metal catalyst which tolerates a large number of functional groups.

Mechanism-Based Enantiodivergence in Manganese Reduction Catalysis: A Chiral Pincer Complex for the Highly Enantioselective Hydroboration of Ketones.

A manganese alkyl complex containing a chiral bis(oxazolinyl-methylidene)isoindoline pincer ligand is a precatalyst for a catalytic system of unprecedented activity and selectivity in the enantioselective hydroboration of ketones, thus producing preparatively useful chiral alcohols in excellent yields with up to greater than 99 % ee. It is applicable for both aryl alkyl and dialkyl ketone reduction under mild reaction conditions (TOF >450 h at -40 °C). The earth-abundant base-metal catalyst operates at very low catalyst loadings (as low as 0.

A modular approach to neutral P,N-ligands: synthesis and coordination chemistry.

We report the modular synthesis of three different types of neutral κ(2)-P,N-ligands comprising an imine and a phosphine binding site. These ligands were reacted with rhodium, iridium and palladium metal precursors and the structures of the resulting complexes were elucidated by means of X-ray crystallography. We observed that subtle changes of the ligand backbone have a significant influence on the binding geometry und coordination properties of these bidentate P,N-donors.

Halogenated Symmetrical Tetraazapentacenes: Synthesis, Structures, and Properties.

We herein describe the synthesis and property evaluation of several brominated and chlorinated tetraazapentacenes. The targets were obtained by thermal condensation of 2,5-dihydroxyquinone with 4,5-dichloro-, 2,6-dichloro-, and 4,5-dibromo-1,2-phenylenediamine, followed by oxidation with hot acidic dichromate. Double alkynylation, reductive deoxygenation, and subsequent oxidation using MnO2 furnishes the target compounds.

Synthesis and structures of [S=(H)P(μ-NR)]2, potential building blocks for inorganic phosphorus-sulfur macrocycles.

The reactions of the chloro-phosph(iii)azane dimers [ClP(μ-NR)]2 with LiSH give the dimers [S[double bond, length as m-dash](H)P(μ-NR)]2 (), which are potential new building blocks for inorganic macrocycles of the type [{P(μ-NR)}2(μ-S)]n. NMR spectroscopic studies and DFT calculations show that the preference for the cis or trans isomers of is largely influenced by the steric demands of the R-group, with cis isomers being preferred for bulky substituents. This is an important factor in regard to applications in macrocycle synthesis since the cis arrangement is pre-organized for cyclisation.

Structures, Electronics, and Reactivity of Strained Phosphazane Cages: A Combined Experimental and Computational Study.

A series of formamidine-bridged P2N2 cages have been prepared. Upon deprotonation, these compounds serve as valuable precursors to hybrid N-heterocyclic carbene ligands, whereas direct metalation gives rearranged dimetallic complexes as a result of cleavage of the formamidine bridge. The latter metal complexes contain an intact cyclophosphazane moiety that coordinates two distinct metal centers in a monodentate and a chelating fashion.

Extending -heterocyclic carbene ligands into the third dimension: a new type of hybrid phosphazane/NHC system.

A simple, "click" synthetic approach to a new type of hybrid phosph(III)azane/NHC system is described. The presence of the phosphazane PN ring unit, with P atoms flanking the fragment and with this ring perpendicular to the binding site of the NHC, provides unique opportunities for modifying the electronic and steric character of these carbenes.

Alkynylated diazadioxaacenes: syntheses and properties.

We report the successful synthesis of a series of ethynylated dioxadiazaacenes and investigate their properties. We developed a modular Cu-based catalytic procedure to build up [1,4]dioxino[2,3-b]pyrazine motifs starting from only a few building blocks. TIPS-acetylene-substituted benzene-1,2-diol and naphthalene-2,3-diol were reacted with 2,3-dichloropyrazine, 2,3-dichloroquinoxaline, and 2,3-dichlorobenzoquinoxaline to give a set of six novel and well-soluble dioxadiazaacenes.

Model for adsorption of ligands to colloidal quantum dots with concentration-dependent surface structure.

A study of the adsorption equilibrium of solution-phase CdS quantum dots (QDs) and acid-derivatized viologen ligands (N-[1-heptyl],N'-[3-carboxypropyl]-4,4'-bipyridinium dihexafluorophosphate, V(2+)) reveals that the structure of the surfaces of the QDs depends on their concentration. This adsorption equilibrium is monitored through quenching of the photoluminescence of the QDs by V(2+) upon photoinduced electron transfer. When modeled with a simple Langmuir isotherm, the equilibrium constant for QD-V(2+) adsorption, K(a), increases from 6.

Detection and characterization of Babesia species in Ixodes ticks in Estonia.

The presence of Babesia spp. was studied in 2603 Ixodes ricinus and Ixodes persulcatus ticks collected at seven sites in Estonia. By reverse line blot screening, Babesia spp.

Identification of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in tick populations in Estonia, the European part of Russia and Belarus.

Anaplasma phagocytophilum is associated with diseases of goats, sheep, cattle, dogs and horses. In the beginning of the 1990s it was identified as a human pathogen, causing human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) in the USA, Europe and the far east of Russia. A.

[Stress-induced experimental myocardial changes].

Morphological changes in myocardium resulting from experimental stress loads were investigated. Experiment model: group 1 - unloaded swimming (30 rats), group 2 - loaded swimming (30 rats), group 3 - control animals (30 rats - no swimming, maintenance in vivarium). The experimental groups were further divided into 4 subgroups: 1A (adapted animals, n=20), 1NA (unadapted animals, n=10), 2A (adapted animals, n=13), 2NA (unadapted animals, n=17).

Systematic investigation of the influence of methyl groups upon fluorescence parameters and the intersystem crossing rate constant of aromatic molecules.

The absorption and fluorescence properties of 29 specially selected methyl substituted benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, biphenyl, fluorene and p-oligophenylenes compounds are studied experimentally (at 293K) and quantum-chemically. The fluorescence quantum yield, gamma, and decay times, tau(f), for deaerated and non-deaerated solutions were measured. The oscillator strength, f(e), natural lifetime, tau(f)(0) and fluorescence and intersystem crossing rate constants, k(f) and k(ST), respectively, are calculated for each compound.

Upsurge of tick-borne encephalitis in the Baltic States at the time of political transition, independent of changes in public health practices.

Despite evidence that socio-economic factors associated with political transition played a major causal role in the abrupt upsurge in tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in the newly independent Baltic States, doubts are still repeatedly expressed about the importance of these factors relative to changes in public health practices that may have affected merely the registration of cases. In response to these doubts, evidence of relevant practices of surveillance, registration, diagnosis, awareness and immunization is presented as taken from archived data and interviews with experienced medical practitioners. There were changes that could have had neutral, negative or positive impacts on recorded TBE incidence, but the variable timing in these changes at both national and regional levels is not consistent with their having been responsible for the epidemiological patterns observed in the early 1990 s.

Variable spikes in tick-borne encephalitis incidence in 2006 independent of variable tick abundance but related to weather.

Background: The incidence of tick-borne encephalitis showed a dramatic spike in several countries in Europe in 2006, a year that was unusually cold in winter but unusually warm and dry in summer and autumn. In this study we examine the possible causes of the sudden increase in disease: more abundant infected ticks and/or increased exposure due to human behaviour, both in response to the weather.

Methods: For eight countries across Europe, field data on tick abundance for 2005-2007, collected monthly from a total of 41 sites, were analysed in relation to total annual and seasonal TBE incidence and temperature and rainfall conditions.

Near-field visualization of dynamical processes of semiconductor surface.

The near-field images calculation method for semiconductor surface with inhomogeneous electron distribution, formed by strong focused laser pulse, was proposed. Calculation is performed using Green function method. The main characteristic of the proposed approach is maximal usage analytical computations.