Potential factors of resistance to clarithromycin.

Objectives: A comparative dissolution kinetics test (CDKT) and bioequivalence studies of generic proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) do not model pharmacological acid suppression (PAS) and pathological duodenogastric reflux (PDGR). This study aimed to model them in CDKT to assess drugs stability and potential pantoprazole-clarithromycin interactions.

Methods: In CDKT, PDGR (dissolution medium pH 7.

Interchangeability evaluation of multisource Ibuprofen drug products using biowaiver procedure.

The WHO biowaiver procedure for BCS Class II weak acids was evaluated by running two multisource IR ibuprofen drug products (Ibuprofen, 200 mg tablets, Tatchempharmpreparaty, Russia and Ibuprofen, 200 mg tablets, Biosintez, Russia) with current Marketing Authorizations (i.e. in vivo bioequivalent) through that procedure.

[Omeprazol and ezomeprazol pharmacokinetics, duration of antisecretory effect, and reasons for their probable changes in duodenal ulcer].

There were authentic distinctions between the groups of healthy volunteers and patients with a peptic ulcer disease in Cmax, Tmax, AUC(0-t), AUC(0-infinity), CIt, Vd of omeprazole and Cmax of esomeprazole (Nexium, AstraZeneca). When the pharmacokinetics of omeprazole and ezomeprazole were compared in both groups, there were authentic distinctions in Cmax, AU(0-t), AUC(0-infinity), CIt, T1/2. The patients who had taken omeprazole the time of hypoacide condition was much shorter than in other groups.

[Effectiveness of enalapril in chronic cor pulmonale].

The aim of our investigation was assessment of enalapril effects in cor pulmonale. 20 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases complicate with cor pulmonale received combined treatment including enalapril. The course of such treatment led to a significant lowering of systolic and diastolic pressure in the pulmonary artery, systemic arterial pressure, specific peripheral resistance and minute volume in patients with hyperkinetic and mixed types of hemodynamics.

[The effect of pharmacopuncture on the blood biochemical indices of patients with tunnel syndromes of the hands].

Concentrations of serotonin, beta-endorphine, myoglobin, basic myelin protein were measured in blood of patients with tunnel hand syndromes treated by actovegin or physiological solution pharmacopuncture and acupuncture to the same acupuncture points (AP). The above biochemical indices showed similar changes in pharmacopuncture with actovegin and the solution. These changes were different in acupuncture.

[The effect of scalp acupuncture on the blood biochemical indices of healthy volunteers].

Scalp acupuncture effects on blood biochemistry were investigated in 10 healthy volunteers. The results provided evidence for the absence of negative changes in function of neurohumoral systems of the body which may become factors of risk for patients with thrombogenic disturbances of cerebral circulation.

[Changes in the endocrine pancreas of laboratory white rats with diabetes mellitus, adaptation to hypoxia and their combination (an immunohistochemical study)].

The study was performed in 80 albino Wistar rats of both sexes. Pancreatic A-, B- and D-cells state were studied by means of indirect immunofluorescence, using monoclonal antibodies to insulin and anti-serine to glucagon and somatostatin. This method reflects state of endocrine cells secretory activity most adequately and is an optimal one for studying the structure, function and qualitative determination of hormones.

[Possible mechanism of hypothalamic regulation of endocrine pancreatic function in mice of the diabetic strain C57bl/KsJ].

In mice hetero- and homozygotic in relation to the diabetic gene db, it was shown that the regulation of the pancreatic endocrine function by hypothalamus is mediated at least by two mechanisms: neurohumoral one connected with hormone secretion by paraventricular and supraoptical nuclei and by a neuroconductivity mechanism connected with the ventromedial nucleus and lateral hypothalamic area.

[Method for gastric resection with end-to-end gastroduodenal anastomosis].

The authors suggest a method of stomach resection in which the gastroduodenal anastomosis is created by applying sutures to the layers after separating the sheaths of the organs into layers. The inner sheaths (muco-submucous) of the organs are butt joined after their excision almost at the base, while the outer sheaths (seromuscular) are sutured with rarely placed crimping sutures. The rare placing of the sutures and moderately tight tying of the ligatures prevent impairment of tissue nutrition, whereas crimping of the outer sheath provides wide contact of the serosa.

[State of the pancreatic insular apparatus in experimental diabetes mellitus with varying degrees of severity in the rat].

The interrelationship between endocrine cells of the Langerhans islands in experimental diabetes provoked in female Wistar rats are studied. The content of the insulin in B-cells, glucagon in A-cells and somatostatin in D-cells was determined by method of indirect immunofluorescence with the use of monoclonal antibodies and antiserum. It is established that an decrease of the insulin content in B-cells is followed by an increase of glucagon in A-cells and that of somatostatin in D-cells.

[The role of group-A10 dopamine neurons of the ventral tegmental area in analgesia evoked by electrocutaneous pain stimulation and morphine].

The activity of antinociceptive mechanisms induced by footshock (FS) and morphine injection was studied in experiments on rats with bilateral destruction of group A10 neurones of the ventral tegmental area. The latent periods of the hot plate and tail flick pain reactions to FS and morphine increased significantly in the experimental and control groups as compared to the initial values. In morphine injection these indices were the same in the experimental and control groups.

[Changes in pain reactions and 3H-naloxone binding to opiate receptors of the hypothalamus and midbrain in rats after repeated swimming in cold water].

The dynamics of nociceptive reactions and character of 3H-naloxone binding to hypothalamus and midbrain synaptic membranes were studied in rats subjected to repeated cold swim stress (3 min. daily during 3, 5 and 15 days). It was shown that an increase of latencies of background nociceptive reactions (hot-plate and tail-flick tests) was accompanied by an ambiguous changes of kinetic parameters of 3H-naloxone binding in the studied brain structures.

[Effect of amitriptyline on analgesia induced by acupuncture and inescapable painful electrodermal stimulation in the rat].

The effect of amitriptyline (1.5 and 3 mg/kg intraperitoneally once a day for 1, 3, 5 days) on the latencies (L) of hot plate (HP) and tail flick (TF) at rest, after acupuncture (A) of bilateral Ho-ku and after inescapable foot-shock (IFS--1.0 mA, 50 Hz, 5 min) was studied in experiments on rats.

[The role of catecholaminergic group-A5 neurons in analgesia induced by auricular electroacupuncture and in electrodermal pain stimulation].

The activity of antinociceptive mechanisms of auricular electroacupuncture (AEA) and footshock (FS) was studied on rats with bilaterally lesioned group A5 neurones. It was shown that the activity of the antinociceptive mechanisms triggered in experimental rats as compared to control rats. The data reveal the involvement of A5-nuclei in the antinociceptive mechanisms of AEA and FS.

Buspirone effect on the development of antinociceptive reactions.

The anxiolytic agents, buspirone and diazepam, increase the paw lick latency of rats in the hot plate test, the effect being dose-dependent and exceeding that of morphine. The action of buspirone was not accompanied by ataxic and sedative effects which were observed in rats on diazepam. Buspirone (up to 25 mg/kg) and diazepam (up to 5 mg/kg) neither change the tail flick latency nor potentiate the action of morphine on the test.

[Effects of repeated acupuncture action on pain sensitivity and beta-endorphin contents of the hypothalamus and midbrain of the rat].

Changes in latencies (L) of nociceptive (NC) reactions of hot plate (HP) tail flick (TF) tests and dynamics of beta-endorphin (beta-ED) in hypothalamus and midbrain were studied in albino rats receiving 15 sessions of acupuncture (A) (20 min daily in bilateral Ho-Ku). It was shown that repeated A facilitated prolongation of LHP and LTF as compared to baseline and control levels. A decrease of the anti-NC systems capacity for activation in response to each A stimulation was observed.

[The role of group A5 catecholaminergic neurons in stress and morphine analgesia mechanisms in rats].

The activity of antinociceptive mechanisms in cold stress and under the effect of morphine was studied in experiments on rats subjected to bilateral destruction of group A5 neurons. In cold stress in rats of the experimental and control groups the latent periods (LP) of pain reactions of limb licking differed significantly, both in initial values and between the groups; in contrast, the LP of the tail-flick reaction did not differ significantly. Under the effect of morphine the pain reactions increased authentically as compared to the initial values both in the experimental and the control groups, but there were no significant differences between the groups.

[The selective role of the nucleus raphe magnus in the mechanisms of analgesia in electrocutaneous pain stimulation, cold stress and the action of morphine].

Inhibition of the analgetic activity of systemic morphine and inescapable foot shock in certain moments of the experiment was shown on rats subjected to electrolytic destruction of nucleus raphe magnus. Cold swim stress increased analgesia as compared to the control animals. It is concluded that this formation of the brain is selectively and dynamically involved in mechanisms of various types of analgesia.

[Role of giant cell nuclei of the reticular formation in mechanisms of analgesia during auricular electroacupuncture and action of morphine].

The activity of antinociceptive mechanisms induced by auricular electroacupuncture (AEA) and intraperitoneal injection of morphine (M) was studied on rats subjected to bilateral lesion of gigantocellular nuclei (GCN). It was shown that under AEA hot-plate (HP) and tail-flick (TF) latencies (L) significantly increased as compared to the baseline level. A comparison of L shows that HP and TF in the experimental group were significantly shorter than in the control group.