The Effect of Renal Replacement Therapy and Antibiotic Dose on Antibiotic Concentrations in Critically Ill Patients: Data From the Multinational Sampling Antibiotics in Renal Replacement Therapy Study.

Background: The optimal dosing of antibiotics in critically ill patients receiving renal replacement therapy (RRT) remains unclear. In this study, we describe the variability in RRT techniques and antibiotic dosing in critically ill patients receiving RRT and relate observed trough antibiotic concentrations to optimal targets.

Methods: We performed a prospective, observational, multinational, pharmacokinetic study in 29 intensive care units from 14 countries.

Monitoring the mechanically ventilated patient.

In the intensive care setting, monitored data relevant to the output, efficiency, and reserve of the respiratory system alert the clinician to sudden untoward events, aid in diagnosis, help guide management decisions, aid in determining prognosis, and enable the assessment of therapeutic response. This review addresses those aspects of monitoring we find of most value in the care of patients receiving ventilatory support. We concentrate on those modalities and variables that are routinely available or easily calculated from data readily collected at the bedside.