Publications by authors named "Vasee Moorthy"

Research and development leading to new and improved health products is essential for achieving healthier lives for populations worldwide. However, new products in development do not always match the global need for products for neglected diseases and populations. To promote research, provide an incentive for investment and align products with the needs of end-users, research needs to be better coordinated and prioritized.

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Health research is rapidly changing with evidence being gathered through new agile methods. This evolution is critical but must be globally equitable so the poorest nations do not lose out. We must harness this change to better tackle the daily burden of diseases that affect the most impoverished populations and bring research capabilities to every corner of the world so that rapid and fair responses to new pathogen are possible; anywhere they appear.

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The first WHO International Standard and International Reference Panel for anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin were established by the WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization in December, 2020. The WHO International Antibody Standards are intended to serve as global reference reagents, against which national reference preparations or secondary standards can be calibrated. Calibration will facilitate comparison of results of assays (eg, of the neutralising antibody response to candidate COVID-19 vaccines) conducted in different countries.

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At the time of writing in 2019, there have been 754 confirmed cases of Lassa fever in Nigeria, 21% of whom have died. Lassa is on the priority pathogen list for WHO's R&D Blueprint for Action to Prevent Epidemics. In September 2019, WHO convened 67 scientists, regulators, ethicists, public health officials, funders and vaccine developers to discuss the end-to-end clinical development plan for Lassa fever vaccines.

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This commentary discusses attributes, membership, and modus operandi of advisory committees in the health sector, taking examples of a few committees operating internationally. It concludes on the importance of transparency and legitimacy for the credibility of their outcomes.

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Group B streptococcus, found in the vagina or lower gastrointestinal tract of about 10-40% of women of reproductive age, is a leading cause of early life invasive bacterial disease, potentially amenable to prevention through maternal immunization during pregnancy. Following a consultation process with global stakeholders, the World Health Organization is herein proposing priority research and development pathways and preferred product characteristics for GBS vaccines, with the aim to facilitate and accelerate vaccine licensure, policy recommendation for wide scale use and implementation.

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The respiratory syncytial virus causes a considerable respiratory disease burden globally, most markedly in young infants, in low and middle income countries. A diverse product pipeline illustrates the recent intensification of research and development activities for vaccines and monoclonal antibodies against RSV. With the aim to ensure that product development activities are directed to address the public health needs, the World Health Organization has developed a research and development technical roadmap and articulated product characteristics preferences.

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Background: The rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP vaccine prevented Ebola virus disease when used at 2 × 107 plaque-forming units (PFU) in a trial in Guinea. This study provides further safety and immunogenicity data.

Methods And Findings: A randomised, open-label phase I trial in Lambaréné, Gabon, studied 5 single intramuscular vaccine doses of 3 × 103, 3 × 104, 3 × 105, 3 × 106, or 2 × 107 PFU in 115 adults and a dose of 2 × 107 PFU in 20 adolescents and 20 children.

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Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading viral cause of respiratory morbidity and mortality in infants and young children worldwide. Low and middle income countries (LMICs) account for approximately 99% of the global mortality estimates in this population, with up to 200,000 RSV deaths per year. The vaccine product development pipeline is diverse with the most advanced clinical candidate currently in phase III efficacy testing in pregnant women.

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The third meeting of WHO's Product Development for Vaccines Advisory Committee (PDVAC) was held in June 2016, with a remit to revisit the pathogen areas for which significant progress has occurred since recommendations from the 2015 meeting, as well as to consider new advances in the development of vaccines against other pathogens. Since the previous meeting, significant progress has been made with regulatory approvals of the first malaria and dengue vaccines, and the first phase III trials of a respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine candidate has started in the elderly and pregnant women. In addition, PDVAC has also supported vaccine development efforts against important emerging pathogens, including Middle Eastern Coronavirus (MERS CoV) and Zika virus.

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Globally, group B Streptococcus (GBS) remains a leading cause of sepsis and meningitis in infants in the first 90days of life. Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) for women at increased risk of transmitting GBS to their newborns has been effective in reducing part, but not all, of the GBS disease burden in many high income countries (HICs). In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), IAP use is low.

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Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) remains a serious international public health threat. With the goal of accelerating the development of countermeasures against MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV), funding agencies, nongovernmental organizations, and researchers across the world assembled in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, on November 14-15, 2015, to discuss vaccine development challenges. The meeting was spearheaded by the Saudi Ministry of Health and co-organized by the International Vaccine Institute, South Korea.

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Unlabelled: As part of the World Health Organization (WHO) R&D Blueprint initiative, leading stakeholders on Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) convened to agree on strategic public-health goals and global priority research activities that are needed to combat MERS-CoV.

Supplementary Information: The online version of this article (doi:10.1038/nm.

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