Semaglutide restores astrocyte-vascular interactions and blood-brain barrier integrity in a model of diet-induced metabolic syndrome.

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a metabolic disorder related to obesity and insulin resistance and is the primary determinant of the development of low-intensity chronic inflammation. This continuous inflammatory response culminates in neuroimmune-endocrine dysregulation responsible for the metabolic abnormalities and morbidities observed in individuals with MetS. Events such as the accumulation of visceral adipose tissue, increased plasma concentrations of free fatty acids, tissue hypoxia, and sympathetic hyperactivity in individuals with MetS may contribute to the activation of the innate immune response, which compromises cerebral microcirculation and the neurovascular unit, leading to the onset or progression of neurodegenerative diseases.

Rehabilitation for patients with retinal diseases in Brazil: An exploratory study.

Purpose: To evaluate the current scenario of rehabilitation services for people with retinal diseases in Brazil.

Methods: An exploratory study was conducted between February 2023 and June 2023 using a Google Forms questionnaire that was distributed by patient associations.

Results: A total of 142 patients, aged 18-80 were included in the study.

Screening for Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children and Adolescents With Leber's Congenital Amaurosis.

Purpose: To investigate autism spectrum disorder (ASD) indicators in children with Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA).

Study Design: Cross-sectional, prospective, and correlational study.

Methods: Setting: It was conducted at the Institute of Ocular Genetics, the Department of Ophthalmology at Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), and the Autism Spectrum Disorder Laboratory, in São Paulo, Brazil.

Comparison of Blended Learning With Traditional Dermatology Learning for Medical Students: Prospective Evaluation Study.

Background: Novel internet-based applications and associated technologies have influenced all aspects of society, ranging from commerce and business to entertainment and health care, and education is no exception. In this context, this study was designed to evaluate the impact of a dermatology e-learning program on the academic performance of medical students in dermatology.

Objective: The aim of this study is to develop a dermatology blended-learning course for undergraduate medical students, evaluate the knowledge gained by students exposed to this course, and compare the results to those of traditional teaching methods.

Fish Oil Supplementation Improves the Repeated-Bout Effect and Redox Balance in 20-30-Year-Old Men Submitted to Strength Training.

Herein, we investigated the effect of fish oil supplementation combined with a strength-training protocol, for 6 weeks, on muscle damage induced by a single bout of strength exercise in untrained young men. Sixteen men were divided into two groups, supplemented or not with fish oil, and they were evaluated at the pre-training period and post-training period. We investigated changes before and 0, 24, and 48 h after a single hypertrophic exercise session.

Nutritional Genomics in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic condition associated with genetic and environmental factors in which fat abnormally accumulates in the liver. NAFLD is epidemiologically associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Environmental factors, such as physical inactivity and an unbalanced diet, interact with genetic factors, such as epigenetic mechanisms and polymorphisms for the genesis and development of the condition.

Breaking bad news in ophthalmology: a literature review.

Medical specialties have recognized that breaking bad news assists clinical practice by mitigating the impact of difficult conversations. This scenario also encourages various studies on breaking bad news in ophthalmology since certain ocular diagnoses can be considered bad news. Thus, the objective is to review the scientific literature on breaking bad news in ophthalmology.

Effectiveness of telemedicine in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of the telemedicine care model implemented to treat and guide patients with COVID-19 related symptoms and indicators during the pandemic.

Methods: This is a retrospective study with data collected from the electronic records of standardized forms for assistance. As a way of evaluating the work performed, the number of consultations, types of referrals, efficiency of care, and patient satisfaction were observed.

Invitro effect of pine bark extract on melanin synthesis, tyrosinase activity, production of endothelin-1, and PPAR in cultured melanocytes exposed to Ultraviolet, Infrared, and Visible light radiation.

Background: French maritime pine bark (Pinus pinaster) extract (PBE), the registered trade name of which is Pycnogenol , has been studied for its depigmenting action due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-melanogenic activity. However, the mechanisms through which PBE are still not fully clear.

Objective: Evaluate the impact of PBE on four in vitro parameters closely associated with cutaneous pigmentation, including melanin synthesis, tyrosinase activity, endothelin-1 (ED1), and production of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α, δ, and γ (PPAR α, δ, and γ), by studying the modulation of action of ultraviolet radiation A (UVA)/ultraviolet radiation B (UVB), infrared-A (IR-A), visible light (VL), and association of UVA/UVB, IR-A, and VL (ASS).

Proteomic analysis reveals different composition of extracellular vesicles released by two strains associated with their distinct interaction with host cells.

, the aetiologic agent of Chagas disease, releases vesicles containing a wide range of surface molecules known to affect the host immunological responses and the cellular infectivity. Here, we compared the secretome of two distinct strains (Y and YuYu) of , which were previously shown to differentially modulate host innate and acquired immune responses. Tissue culture-derived trypomastigotes of both strains secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs), as demonstrated by electron scanning microscopy.

Surveillance of intradomiciliary contacts of leprosy cases: perspective of the client in a hyperendemic municipality.

Objective: To characterize approach methods for intradomiciliary contacts (IdC) of leprosy cases resident in Northern Brazil, during 2001-2012.

Method: A cross-sectional and descriptive study in the state of Rondônia. Included IdC of leprosy cases diagnosed/reported in SINAN-Ministry of Health (MS), 2001-2012.

Skin cancer prevention campaign in childhood: survey based on 3676 children in Brazil.

Background And Objectives: Primary skin cancer prevention campaigns are essential and more effective among children, not only because of the importance of sun exposure effects during this period, but also because this age is when individuals are developing behaviours. The Brazilian Society of Dermatology - Regional State of Sao Paulo developed and conducted the programme named 'The Sun, Friend of Childhood', a school health education and disease prevention project for children and parents. Our objective was to evaluate the cognitive and behavioural effects of the children and parents before and after an education model-based intervention of sun protection.

Oral health conditions in leprosy cases in hyperendemic area of the Brazilian Amazon.

Leprosy is a hyperendemic chronic condition in the Rondônia State . Despite the significant impact of oral health on the quality of life and clinical evolution of leprosy patients, systematic evaluation of oral health status has been neglected. To analyze the dental-clinical profile, self-perceived oral health and dental health service access of leprosy cases in the municipality of Cacoal in Rondônia State , North Brazil, from 2001 to 2012.

Analysis of the availability of the resources necessary for urgent and emergency healthcare in São Paulo between 2009-2013.

Introduction:: The Regulatory Complex is the structure that operationalizes actions for making resources available to meet the needs of urgent and emergency care in the municipality of São Paulo. In the case of urgent care, needs are immediate and associated with high morbidity and mortality.

Objective:: To identify the most frequently requested resources, the resolution capacity and the mortality rate associated with the unavailability of a certain resource.

Extensive colorectal lymphomatous polyposis complicated by acute intestinal obstruction: a case report.

Background: Multiple lymphomatous polyposis is a rare type of gastrointestinal lymphoma that extensively infiltrates the intestine. Multiple lymphomatous polyposis originates from the mantle zone of the lymphoma follicle and is considered to be a mantle cell lymphoma, which is a relatively aggressive type of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. We report an unusual case of a patient with multiple lymphomatous polyposis with extensive colorectal involvement and acute intestinal obstruction, an atypical complication of this rare disease.

Toll-like receptors (TLR) 2 and 4 expression of keratinocytes from patients with localized and disseminated dermatophytosis.

There are few studies on the role of innate immune response in dermatophytosis. An investigation was conducted to define the involvement of Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) 2 and 4 in localized (LD) and disseminated (DD) dermatophytosis due to T. rubrum.

Atopy patch test with Aleuroglyphus ovatus antigen in patients with atopic dermatitis.

Background: Epicutaneous test made with dust mite antigens.

Objective: Evaluation of the response of the epicutaneous test with Aleuroglyphus ovatus antigen in atopic patients.

Methods: We patch tested 119 individuals, 48 with atopic dermatitis, 50 with respiratory allergy and 21 healthy controls.

Evaluation of the Quantitative and Qualitative Alterations in the Fatty Acid Contents of the Sebum of Patients with Inflammatory Acne during Treatment with Systemic Lymecycline and/or Oral Fatty Acid Supplementation.

Background. Acne is a dermatosis that involves an altered sebum pattern. Objectives.

Identification of fungi species in the onychomycosis of institutionalized elderly.

Background: Superficial fungal infections are caused by dermatophytes, yeasts or filamentous fungi. They are correlated to the etiologic agent, the level of integrity of the host immune response, the site of the lesion and also the injured tissue.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to isolate and to identify onychomycosis agents in institutionalized elderly (60 years old +).

Ultrastructure of vascular permeability in urticaria.

Background: Few studies have addressed the ultrastructure of vascular permeability in urticaria.

Objectives: To describe the types of endothelial cell organelles involved in vascular permeability in drug-induced acute urticaria (DIAU).

Methods: Seven patients with DIAU were enrolled in the study.

Carcinoid tumor of the duodenum: a rare tumor at an unusual site. Case series from a single institution.

Context: Duodenal carcinoids are extremely rare, and their characteristics and biological behavior have not been fully elucidated.

Objective: To analyze the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with resected duodenal carcinoids.

Methods: Twenty patients (12 females and 8 males) were investigated.

The use of nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (nested PCR) for the early diagnosis of Histoplasma capsulatum infection in serum and whole blood of HIV-positive patients.

The aim of the study was to detect the rDNA sequences and their regions in Histoplasma capsulatum, which could be considered species-specific and used as a molecular method for this diagnosis by the technique of nested polymerase chain reaction (nested PCR), employing specific sequences (primers) for H. capsulatum: 18S rDNA region (HC18), 100 kDa (HC100) and the sequence 5.8 S-ITS rDNA (HC5.