Post-operative capsular opacification.

Post-operative capsular opacification (PCO) is a multifactorial physiological consequence of cataract surgery. Opacification involving the central posterior capsule has a significant impact on high and low contrast acuity and low contrast sensitivity. The assessment of PCO on cadaver eyes, experimental studies and culture models and in clinical studies has provided an understanding of its pathogenesis.

Impact of anterior capsule polishing on anterior capsule opacification after cataract surgery: a randomized clinical trial.

Aims: To evaluate the effect of anterior capsule polishing on the development of anterior capsule opacification (ACO) in patients undergoing cataract surgery.

Methods: This prospective randomized observational double-masked clinical trial comprised 120 eyes of 60 consecutive patients with bilateral age-related cataract who underwent phacoemulsification. The patients were randomly assigned to one of the two groups: One eye received a 360 degree anterior capsule polishing (group 1 (cases)) and the fellow eye was without anterior capsule polishing (group 2 (controls)) The primary observation was to observe the development of ACO between the 2 groups, whereas the secondary observation was to measure uveal inflammation.

Matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity in human lens epithelial cells of cortical, posterior subcapsular, and nuclear cataracts.

Purpose: To evaluate the level of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activity in lens epithelial cells (LECs) derived from different types of cataract in patients having phacoemulsification.

Setting: Iladevi Cataract & IOL Research Centre, Memnagar, Ahmedabad, India.

Methods: This observational study of 275 patients having phacoemulsification was performed to evaluate the level of MMP-9 activity in LECs.

Lens thickness of Indian eyes: impact of isolated lens opacity, age, axial length, and influence on anterior chamber depth.

Purpose: To report relationship of age group and axial length (AL) category to lens thickness values in eyes with a clear lens or different types of isolated cataract (nuclear, cortical, and posterior subcapsular (PSC)). Further, we evaluated lens thickness values on anterior chamber depth (ACD) in these eyes.

Design: Observational clinic-based study.

Rapid action of oestradiol against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in cataractous lens epithelium: an in vitro study.

Purpose: To evaluate the short-term protective effects of oestradiol against damages because of oxidative stress in human lens epithelial cells (LECs).

Methods: The central zone of human lens epithelium was obtained from the cataract surgery and cultured in MEM culture medium. These cultured LECs were treated with 17beta-oestradiol for varying time intervals from 1 to 5 min followed by treatment with H(2)O(2) (5 x 10(-6) M) in the culture medium.

Comparison of 2 moxifloxacin regimens for preoperative prophylaxis: prospective randomized triple-masked trial. Part 2: residual conjunctival flora.

Purpose: To determine whether a regimen of topical moxifloxacin hydrochloride ophthalmic solution 0.5% (Vigamox) administered on the day of cataract surgery reduces conjunctival bacterial flora.

Setting: Iladevi Cataract & IOL Research Centre, Ahmedabad, India.

Comparison of 2 moxifloxacin regimens for preoperative prophylaxis: prospective randomized triple-masked trial. Part 1: aqueous concentration of moxifloxacin.

Purpose: To evaluate the aqueous concentration of moxifloxacin following 2 dosing regimens of topically administered moxifloxacin hydrochloride ophthalmic solution 0.5% (Vigamox).

Setting: Iladevi Cataract & IOL Research Centre, Ahmedabad, India.

Confirmation of the presence of lens epithelial cells in the anterior chamber after phacoemulsification.

Aims: To detect the presence of lens epithelial cells in the anterior chamber of the eye at the end of phacoemulsification.

Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out on 50 patients undergoing phacoemulsification. Fluid from the anterior chamber was collected from these patients at the end of phacoemulsification.

Effect of room temperature and cooled intraocular irrigating solution on the cornea and anterior segment inflammation after phacoemulsification: a randomized clinical trial.

Purpose: To compare the effects of cooled and room temperature BSS Plus solution on the central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior segment inflammation, and corneal endothelium in patients undergoing phacoemulsification.

Methods: In this prospective, randomized study, 70 consecutive patients undergoing phacoemulsification were assigned to one of two groups: Group 1 (controls) (n=35) received BSS Plus at a room temperature of 23 degrees C and Group 2 (cases; n=35) received BSS Plus cooled at 10 degrees C. In both the groups, the percentage of difference for CCT, absolute change in endothelial cell density, and coefficient of variation (CV) from preoperative to postoperative periods was analysed.

Corticocapsular cleavage during phacoemulsification: Viscodissection versus hydrodissection. Miyake-Apple view analysis.

Purpose: To compare the corticocapsular separation created by viscodissection and by hydrodissection using Miyake-Apple video-photographic analysis.

Setting: University-based center.

Methods: Fourteen cadaver eyes were randomized to hydrodissection (Group 1, n=7) or viscodissection (Group 2, n=7).

DisCoVisc versus the soft-shell technique using Viscoat and Provisc in phacoemulsification: randomized clinical trial.

Purpose: To compare the effects and outcomes of DisCoVisc (hyaluronic acid 1.6%-chondroitin sulfate 4.0%) with those of the soft-shell technique using Viscoat (sodium hyaluronate 3.

Comparative quantification of ingress of trypan blue into the anterior chamber after microcoaxial, standard coaxial, and bimanual phacoemulsification: randomized clinical trial.

Purpose: To compare ocular surface fluid ingress into the anterior chamber at the end of microcoaxial, standard coaxial, and bimanual phacoemulsification using trypan blue as the quantifying tracer.

Setting: Iladevi Cataract and IOL Research Centre, Ahmedabad, India.

Methods: This prospective randomized observational study comprised 180 consecutive patients who had microcoaxial, standard coaxial, or bimanual phacoemulsification.

Defining and evaluating wrapping surfaces for MRI-derived spinal muscle paths.

Muscle paths can be approximated in biomechanical models by wrapping the path around geometric objects; however, the process for selecting and evaluating wrapping surface parameters is not well defined, especially for spinal muscles. In this study, we defined objective methods to select the shape, orientation, size and location of wrapping surfaces and evaluated the wrapping surfaces using an error metric based on the distance between the modeled muscle path and the centroid path from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We applied these methods and the error metric to a model of the neck musculature, where our specific goals were (1) to optimize the vertebral level at which to place a single wrapping surface per muscle; and (2) to define wrapping surface parameters in the neutral posture and evaluate them in other postures.

Dynamics of Saturn's south polar vortex.

The camera onboard the Cassini spacecraft has allowed us to observe many of Saturn's cloud features. We present observations of Saturn's south polar vortex (SPV) showing that it shares some properties with terrestrial hurricanes: cyclonic circulation, warm central region (the eye) surrounded by a ring of high clouds (the eye wall), and convective clouds outside the eye. The polar location and the absence of an ocean are major differences.

Histomorphological and immunofluorescence evaluation of bimanual and coaxial phacoemulsification incisions in rabbits.

Purpose: To compare the changes in the histomorphology and immunofluorescence of collagen type I in clear corneal incisions (CCIs) at the end of bimanual and coaxial phacoemulsification in rabbits.

Setting: Iladevi Cataract and IOL Research Centre, Ahmedabad, India.

Methods: In this randomized study, the left eye of 30 rabbits had bimanual phacoemulsification through 1.

Activity of superoxide dismutase isoenzymes in lens epithelial cells derived from different types of age-related cataract.

Purpose: To evaluate the level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and SOD isoenzyme activity in lens epithelial cells (LECs) derived from different types of cataract in patients having phacoemulsification.

Setting: Iladevi Cataract & IOL Research Centre, Memnagar, Ahmedabad, India.

Methods: This observational study of 109 patients having phacoemulsification was performed to evaluate the level of activity in LECs of total superoxide dismutase (TSOD) and 2 superoxide dismutase isoenzymes: copper- (Cu) and zinc (Zn)-dependent SOD (Cu/Zn-SOD) and manganese (Mn)-dependent SOD (Mn-SOD).

The probable associations for corticocapsular adhesions in patients undergoing cataract surgery: a clinic-based observational study.

Background: Corticocapsular adhesions (CCA) are frequently seen between lens capsule and adjacent cortical layer. During cataract surgery, in the presence of CCA, excessive efforts to rotate the nucleus can result in zonular damage. To reduce morbidity, identification of associations with CCA can be helpful in appropriately modifying the surgical procedure.

Subtle signs of anterior vitreous face disturbance during posterior capsulorhexis in pediatric cataract surgery.

In 4 patients with congenital cataract, subtle signs of anterior vitreous face (AVF) disturbance were documented during posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis. The signs were vitreous strands in the anterior chamber, vitreous strands attached to the capsule flap, and distortion of the anterior and posterior capsulorhexis margins; the latter is considered a pathognomonic sign of AVF disturbance. As a result of the early recognition, modifications to the cataract surgery technique were made.

Ingress of bacterial inoculum into the anterior chamber after bimanual and microcoaxial phacoemulsification in rabbits.

Purpose: To compare the amount of bacterial ingress from the ocular surface into the anterior chamber at the end of bimanual and microcoaxial phacoemulsification in rabbits.

Setting: Iladevi Cataract & IOL Research Centre, Raghudeep Eye Clinic, Memnagar, Ahmedabad, India.

Methods: This randomized study comprised 40 eyes of 20 rabbits.

Post-operative capsular opacification: a review.

Post-operative capsular opacification is a multifactorial physiological consequence of cataract surgery. Opacification involving the central posterior capsule has a significant impact on high and low contrast acuity and low contrast sensitivity. The assessment of Posterior Capsule Opacification (PCO) on cadaver eyes, experimental studies, culture models and in clinical studies has provided an understanding of its pathogenesis.

Prevalence of cataract type in relation to axial length in subjects with high myopia and emmetropia in an Indian population.

Purpose: To compare the prevalence of different types and densities of age-related cataract in subjects with high myopia and emmetropia in an Indian urban clinic-based population.

Design: Prospective, observational, clinic-based case-control study.

Methods: An observational case-control study of 800 healthy eyes was undertaken at Iladevi Cataract & IOL Research Center, Ahmedabad, India.

Corneal endothelial morphologic features in cataract and clear lens in an Indian population.

Purpose: To compare the morphologic features of corneal endothelium in patients with cataract and clear lenses.

Design: A single, observational clinic-based case-control study.

Methods: In this single, observational clinic-based case-control study at Iladevi Cataract & IOL Research Centre, Ahmedabad, India, 2,025 eyes of 2,025 individuals with cataract and clear lenses were evaluated for corneal endothelial morphologic features, which included the endothelial cell density (ECD), coefficient of variation (CV) of cell area, and percentage of hexagonal cells.

Anterior capsular plaque in congenital cataract: occurrence, morphology, immunofluorescence, and ultrastructure.

Purpose: To study occurrence, morphology, immunofluorescence, and ultrastructural features of congenital anterior capsular plaque (ACP) obtained from pediatric eyes undergoing cataract surgery.

Methods: Two hundred sixty consecutive pediatric eyes undergoing congenital cataract surgery were enrolled in the present study. Anterior lens epithelium from cataract without ACP and with ACP was collected.

Head and neck anthropometry, vertebral geometry and neck strength in height-matched men and women.

Women have an increased incidence of whiplash injury and neck pain compared to men. Physical and numerical models represent one avenue to explore and potentially explain these gender differences, but a valid model of the female neck does not yet exist. A fundamental question in the development of a female neck model is whether female necks are simply scaled versions of male necks, or whether there are significant inter-gender geometrical differences.