Coral reefs in the northeastern Saudi Arabian Red Sea are resilient to mass coral mortality events.

We conducted an integrated survey combining visual census and baited remote underwater video survey on the coral reefs in the northeastern Red Sea and examined their health by comparing the baseline information from two decades ago. The mean coverage of the corals of all stations was 36 %, including 32 % stony corals and 4.0 % soft corals, significantly higher and lower to previous baseline.

Impact of core polarity on smectic B-induced hydrogen bond liquid crystals.

The novel series of hydrogen bond liquid crystals were synthesized from the 2-methylglutaric acid (MGA) and 4-alkyloxybenzoic acid (nOBA) compounds. The induced smectic B phase with different texture (spine texture, needle texture, mosaic texture, natural mosaic texture and marble texture) were identified by polarizing optical microscope. Due to breaking of in-plane rotational symmetry within molecular layers, smectic B phase is tempted by suppressing other usual mesophases.

Pharmacogenomics in diabetes: outcomes of thiamine therapy in TRMA syndrome.

Aims/hypothesis: Diabetes is one of the cardinal features of thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anaemia (TRMA) syndrome. Current knowledge of this rare monogenic diabetes subtype is limited. We investigated the genotype, phenotype and response to thiamine (vitamin B) in a cohort of individuals with TRMA-related diabetes.

A 6-year-old boy with Wilson disease-A diagnostic dilemma.

A 6-year-old boy presented with 2 months history of progressive abdominal distension and jaundice. He was deeply icteric with ascites, hepatosplenomegaly, hyperbilirubinemia, raised transaminases, and coagulopathy. Viral markers and slit lamp examination for Kayser-Fleischer ring were negative.

Neonatal Diabetes: A Case Series.

Background: Neonatal diabetes mellitusis a rare disorder with an incidence of 1 in 2,60,000 live births.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of clinical and genetic profile of children admitted with neonatal diabetes mellitus in a tertiary-care hospital in Chennai, India over 11 years.

Results: Ten children were diagnosed with neonatal diabetes of whom 9 had permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis masking the diagnosis of lymphoma in an adolescent male.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) association with an underlying lymphoma is an uncommon entity in paediatrics. It may precede lymphoma diagnosis by several years or may occur at the time of remission or relapse of lymphoma. Simultaneous occurrence of HLH & lymphoma is rare.

Biallelic PDX1 (insulin promoter factor 1) mutations causing neonatal diabetes without exocrine pancreatic insufficiency.

Aims: Recessive PDX1 (IPF1) mutations are a rare cause of pancreatic agenesis, with three cases reported worldwide. A recent report described two cousins with a homozygous hypomorphic PDX1 mutation causing permanent neonatal diabetes with subclinical exocrine insufficiency. The aim of our study was to investigate the possibility of hypomorphic PDX1 mutations in a large cohort of patients with permanent neonatal diabetes and no reported pancreatic hypoplasia or exocrine insufficiency.

Isochromosome X mosaicism in a child with Kabuki syndrome phenotype: A rare cytogenetic association.

Isochromosome is a structurally unbalanced chromosome consisting of two short arms or two long arms, which are derived by abnormal centromere division or sister-chromatid exchange. Most autosomal isochromosomes are unusual, while those involving sex chromosomes are common. Kabuki syndrome (KS, OMIM 147920) is a multiple malformation/mental retardation syndrome of unknown etiology.

Profile of typhoid fever in children from a tertiary care hospital in Chennai-South India.

Aim: To study the clinical profile and outcome of hospitalized children with typhoid fever.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in a private tertiary care children's hospital over a 3 year period.

Results: A total of 316 children (7 in every 1000 admissions) were diagnosed to have typhoid fever during this period.

Kawasaki disease mimicking retropharyngeal abscess.

Kawasaki disease is an acute, self-limiting febrile mucocutaneous vasculitis of infants and young children. Retropharyngeal lymphadenopathy is a rare presentation of Kawasaki disease. We present a case of Kawasaki disease mimicking a retropharyngeal abscess, with upper airway obstruction resulting in delayed diagnosis.

Recessive mutations in the INS gene result in neonatal diabetes through reduced insulin biosynthesis.

Heterozygous coding mutations in the INS gene that encodes preproinsulin were recently shown to be an important cause of permanent neonatal diabetes. These dominantly acting mutations prevent normal folding of proinsulin, which leads to beta-cell death through endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis. We now report 10 different recessive INS mutations in 15 probands with neonatal diabetes.

Correlation of renal length with somatic variables in Indian children.

Mean kidney length in 230 Indian children without apparent renal disease were examined sonographically and correlated with, age, body weight, length/height, upper thigh (femur) length, head circumference and chest circumference. Mean kidney is length best correlated with height, followed by upper thigh (femur) length and chest circumference.

Clinical profile and outcome of diabetic ketoacidosis in children.

Unlabelled: BACKGROUND. There is little information on the clinical profile and outcome of children with diabetic ketoacidosis in India. We analysed the data of children managed by us at a tertiary care hospital.

Thiamine responsive megaloblastic anemia syndrome.

Thiamine responsive megaloblastic anemia syndrome (TRMA) is a clinical triad characterized by thiamine-responsive anemia, diabetes mellitus and sensorineural deafness. We report a 4-year-old girl with TRMA whose anemia improved following administration of thiamine and this case report sensitizes the early diagnosis and treatment with thiamine in children presenting with anemia, diabetes and deafness.

Immunogenicity and safety of live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine: a multicentric study.

Objective: To evaluate immunogenicity and tolerability of single dose live attenuated injectable hepatitis A vaccine in four metropolitan cities of India.

Methods: Live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine was administered to 505 children aged 18 to 60 months in four centers across India. Immunogenicity of the vaccine was assessed by estimation of anti-HAV antibody titer at 6 weeks and 6 months following administration of the vaccine.

Rhinocerebral mucormycosis in an adolescent with type 1 diabetes mellitus: case report.

Rhinocerebral mucormycosis is a severe opportunistic infection affecting immunocompromised patients. A 14-year-old boy with rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis and type 1 diabetes is described. He responded well to amphotericin B lipid complex followed by itraconazole.

Infantile-onset diabetes mellitus: a 1-year follow-up study.

This study evaluates the clinical profiles and outcomes of children with infantile-onset diabetes mellitus (IODM) (onset at <1 year). Twelve infants with IODM presenting to our hospital from January 2003 to December 2007 are analyzed. All undergo thorough history, clinical examination, and investigations and are managed as per hospital-approved protocol and periodically followed up.

Polyarteritis nodosa with renal artery stenosis.

Renal angiographic signs in Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN) vary from aneursyms of medium and small vessels, perfusion defects and delayed emptying of renal arteries. These vascular changes are usually responsible for the hypertension. In this case study stenosis of a main renal artery, an unusual finding in classical PAN, is believed to be the cause of hypertension.