Incorporating an artificially synthesized fluoride complex into urethane-acrylate-based 3D printing resin: Effects on mechanical properties, cytotoxicity, antimicrobial actions, and its long-term fluoride-releasing properties.

Objectives: To synthesize a 3D printing resin with antibacterial and long-term fluoride-releasing properties.

Methods: (4,4-Bis-4-[2‑hydroxy-3-(2-methacryloyloxy)propoxy]-phenyl-pentanol-amine)-N,N-diacetic acid zirconium (IV) fluoride complex was synthesized from 4,4-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-pentanoic acid and monitored using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The synthesized complex was incorporated into a urethane-acrylate-based (UA) resin at 5 wt% and 10 wt% (5F-UA and 10F-UA groups, respectively).

Bioreducible exosomes encapsulating glycolysis inhibitors potentiate mitochondria-targeted sonodynamic cancer therapy via cancer-targeted drug release and cellular energy depletion.

Nanocarrier-assisted sonodynamic therapy (SDT) has shown great potential for the effective and targeted treatment of deep-seated tumors by overcoming the critical limitations of sonosensitizers. However, in vivo SDT using nanocarriers is still constrained by their intrinsic toxicity and nonspecific cargo release. In this study, we developed bioreducible exosomes for the safe and tumor-specific delivery of mitochondria-targeting sonosensitizers [triphenylphosphonium-conjugated chlorin e6 (T-Ce6)] and glycolysis inhibitors (FX11).

Piezocatalytic 2D WS Nanosheets for Ultrasound-Triggered and Mitochondria-Targeted Piezodynamic Cancer Therapy Synergized with Energy Metabolism-Targeted Chemotherapy.

Piezoelectric nanomaterials that can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) by piezoelectric polarization under an external mechanical force have emerged as an effective platform for cancer therapy. In this study, piezoelectric 2D WS nanosheets are functionalized with mitochondria-targeting triphenylphosphonium (TPP) for ultrasound (US)-triggered, mitochondria-targeted piezodynamic cancer therapy. In addition, a glycolysis inhibitor (FX11) that can inhibit cellular energy metabolism is loaded into TPP- and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-conjugated WS nanosheet (TPEG-WS ) to potentiate its therapeutic efficacy.

Mitochondria-targeting sonosensitizer-loaded extracellular vesicles for chemo-sonodynamic therapy.

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) has emerged as an effective therapeutic modality as it employs ultrasound (US) to eradicate deep-seated tumors noninvasively. However, the therapeutic efficacy of SDT in clinical settings remains limited owing to the low aqueous stability and poor pharmacokinetic properties of sonosensitizers. In this study, extracellular vesicles (EVs), which have low systemic toxicity, were used as clinically available nanocarriers to effectively transfer a sonosensitizer to cancer cells.

Immunomodulatory nanosystems for treating inflammatory diseases.

Inflammatory disease (ID) is an umbrella term encompassing all illnesses involving chronic inflammation as the central manifestation of pathogenesis. These include, inflammatory bowel diseases, hepatitis, pulmonary disorders, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, pancreatitis, arthritis, periodontitis, psoriasis. The IDs create a severe burden on healthcare and significantly impact the global socio-economic balance.

Pro-Oxidant Drug-Loaded Au/ZnO Hybrid Nanoparticles for Cancer-Specific Chemo-Photodynamic Combination Therapy.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a noninvasive therapeutic strategy involving photosensitizers and external light for the selective destruction of target tumors. Chemo-photodynamic combination therapy has attracted widespread attention to improve the outcome of cancer treatment by PDT only. In this study, light-triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS)-generating, polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated zinc oxide nanorods (PEG-ZnO NRs) were synthesized and complexed with pro-oxidant piperlongumine (PL) to achieve cancer-targeted chemo-photodynamic combination therapy.

Polysorbate Surfactants as Drug Carriers: Tween 20-Amphotericin B Conjugates as Anti-Fungal and Anti-Leishmanial Agents.

Background: Amphotericin B (AmB), a polyene antibiotic used for the treatment of fungal and leishmanial infections is virtually insoluble in water and exhibits severe toxicity. AmB has been conjugated to various soluble polymers for improving its solubility and reducing its toxicity. Conjugating AmB to a polysorbate surfactant such as polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate (Tween 20), was examined to improve its solubility and reduce its toxicity.

Synthetic Polysaccharides as Drug Carriers: Synthesis of Polyglucose-Amphotericin B Conjugates and Evaluation of Their Anti-Fungal and Anti-Leishmanial Activities.

While many naturally occurring polysaccharides have been widely used as drug carriers, there are two main drawbacks in their use: the first is their physical properties such as molecular weight, branching, type of glycosidic linkages and solubility depend on their source and the method of isolation and purification, the second is many of them are contaminated with proteins and protein removal is essential for preventing immune reactions. Synthetic polysaccharides on the other hand can be tailor made from their respective monomers with consistent physical properties and are, free from protein contamination, both being significant advantages in their use. Although, the synthesis of polysaccharides such as polyglucose, polymannose, polygalactose etc.

Synthesis and evaluation of anti-fungal activities of sodium alginate-amphotericin B conjugates.

Sodium alginate (SA) was oxidized using periodate and amphotericin B (AmB) was conjugated via imine and amine linkages to the oxidized alginate. Oxidization drastically reduced the molecular weight (MW) of the alginate. The conjugates were highly water-soluble to the extent of 1000mg/mL making them useful for therapeutic applications.

Tyrosine-derived novel antimicrobial hydantoin polymers: synthesis and evaluation of anti-bacterial activities.

A new approach for the design and synthesis of cyclic N-halamine polymers having anti-bacterial activity based on a vinyl derivative of tyrosine-derived hydantoin is reported. The synthesis of N-halamine polymers generally involves the chemical modification of 5,5'-disubstituted hydantoin to introduce polymerizable vinyl moieties thereby restricting the halogen capture only on the amide nitrogen. Here we show the possibility of synthesizing vinyl monomers of N-halamine from α-amino acids wherein both the amide and imide nitrogens are available for halogen capture.