Dynamic changes in macrophage polarization during the resolution phase of periodontal disease.

Aim: Polarization of macrophages (Mφ) is a well-controlled axis with considerable consequences in both the pro-inflammatory and resolution phases of inflammation. We aimed to determine if periodontal therapy may instigate M1 to M2 Mφ polarization favoring resolution of inflammation within periodontal tissues.

Methods: Gingival biopsies were excised from subjects diagnosed with Stage III, Grade B periodontitis before and 4-6 weeks after nonsurgical periodontal therapy.

Choledochal Cyst in the Context of Sickle Cell Disease: A Case Report.

Choledochal cyst is a congenital pathology with an uncommon anomaly associated with common complaints of an abdominal lump and hepatic dysfunction. It may be presented equally in any phase of life, be it childhood, adolescence, or adulthood, and is majorly detected by ultrasonography (USG) on the appearance of primary symptoms in the hepato-biliary system. It has a classical triad consisting of a lump in the upper quadrant on the right side of the abdomen, pain in the upper part of the abdomen, and obstructive jaundice.

Bursting of Underwater Oil Drops.

For decades, two main facets of underwater oil spills have been explored extensively-the rise of oil drops and resulting evolution of the oil slick at the air-water interface. We report on the bursting of rising oil drops at an air-liquid interface which precedes slick formation and reveal a counterintuitive bulge reversal that releases a daughter oil droplet inside the bulk as opposed to upward-shooting jets observed in bursting air bubbles. By unraveling the underlying physics we show that daughter droplet size and bulk liquid properties are correlated and their formation can be suppressed by an increase in the bulk viscosity.

Complex Hernia Presentation: A Case Study of Concurrent Spigelian and Pantaloon Hernias in a 49-Year-Old Female.

A 49-year-old woman with a complicated hernia presentation, including direct and indirect inguinal hernias, Spigelian hernias, and Pantaloon hernias, is presented in the case report. The diagnosis was verified by a comprehensive physical examination and imaging, which resulted in a Lichtenstein operation for repair. The surgical procedure for hernia comprised of painstaking dissection, reduction of the hernia sac, and implantation of a prosthetic mesh.

Incidental Discovery of a Phrygian Cap During Whipple's Procedure: A Case Report.

Obstructive jaundice, characterised by yellow discolouration of the skin and mucous membranes due to reduced bile flow, often necessitates surgical intervention for resolution. This article provides a comprehensive literature review to contextualise the management of obstructive jaundice, focusing on common treatment modalities such as common bile duct (CBD) stenting and Whipple's procedure for pancreatic head cancer. Additionally, the incidental finding of a Phrygian cap of the gallbladder during surgical intervention for pancreatic head cancer is described in detail.

Correlation Between Hypothyroidism and Gallstone Disease in Central India.

Introduction The decreased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels affect almost every nucleated cell in our body, which directly affects the basal metabolic rate (BMR). It tends to affect multiple organ systems in the human body. In recent times, there have been changes in lifestyle and the consumption of processed foods has increased.

Successful Outcome With a Multimodal Approach in the Management of Pediatric Necrotizing Fasciitis: A Report of a Rare Case.

Necrotizing fasciitis is a commonly encountered modality by a practicing clinician which needs urgent and vigilant management. To decrease the potential morbidity and mortality of the pathology, an aggressive multimodal approach shows promising results. In our report, we present a case of a three-year-old male child who presented to us with the findings consistent with necrotizing fasciitis.

A Rare Incidental Finding of Phrygian Cap in a Case of Pyloric Perforation.

Deviation from the normal development of the biliary tree and gall bladder gives rise to numerous different types of anomalies. One of the anomalies is the Phrygian cap. The Phrygian cap is an even rarer condition.

A Rare Case of a Mesenteric Cyst.

A mesenteric cyst is an uncommon ailment that can affect practically any abdominal quadrant in its presentation. They may turn up as an accidental discovery. Although there are a number of hypotheses explaining the genesis of these cysts, the exact etiology is unknown.

Adenocarcinoma of the Stomach With Situs Inversus Totalis: A Rare Case.

Situs inversus is a scarce congenital anomaly. Situs inversus totalis (SIT) is a mirroring of the normal. Thoracic and abdominal viscera transposition is a characteristic feature of situs inversus.

A Review of Synchronous Findings of Hypothyroidism and Cholelithiasis.

Cholelithiasis is considered to be the most common biliary pathology. They have been categorized into three types, which are pigment stones, cholesterol stones, and mixed types of stones with varying incidence. The condition may be asymptomatic for significantly long durations and in most cases, the presence of gall stones is an incidental finding.

Downregulation of miRNA-26 in chronic periodontitis interferes with innate immune responses and cell migration by targeting phospholipase C beta 1.

Aim: To evaluate the potential role of miR-26 family members in periodontal pathogenesis by assessing innate immune responses to periopathic bacteria and regulation of cytoskeletal organization.

Materials And Methods: Expression of miR-26a-5p and miR-26b-5p was quantified in gingival biopsies derived from healthy and periodontally diseased subjects before and after non-surgical (scaling and root planing) therapy by RT-qPCR. Global pathway analysis and luciferase assays were performed for target identification and validation.

Importance of Second-Look Surgery in a Newborn Presenting With Early Malrotation.

Intestinal malrotation refers to the abnormal positioning of the intestines due to a deviation from normal developmental stages. Volvulus is seen in 60%-70% of neonates diagnosed with intestinal malrotation. We are reporting a case of s six-day-old male who presented with multiple episodes of bilious vomiting and constipation and had malrotation of intestines with midgut volvulus.

Boiling Transitions During Droplet Contact on Superheated Nano/Micro-Structured Surfaces.

Manipulating surface topography is one of the most promising strategies for increasing the efficiency of numerous industrial processes involving droplet contact with superheated surfaces. In such scenarios, the droplets may immediately boil upon contact, splash and boil, or could levitate on their own vapor in the Leidenfrost state. In this work, we report the outcomes of water droplets coming in gentle contact with designed nano/microtextured surfaces at a wide range of temperatures as observed using high-speed optical and X-ray imaging.

Evidence-Based Clinical Outcomes of Immediate and Early Loading of Short Endosseous Dental Implants: A Meta-analysis.

Purpose: Short dental implants serve as a valuable alternative for patients with limited bone height. Immediate or early provisionalization facilitates a more physiologic environment for the gingival tissues to be modeled. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to systematically review and evaluate the implant survival and marginal bone loss with immediate and early loading protocols of short dental implants (≤ 6 mm).

Coalescence and spreading of drops on liquid pools.

Hypothesis: Oil spills have posed a serious threat to our marine and ecological environment in recent times. Containment of spills proliferating via small drops merging with oceans/seas is especially difficult since their mitigation is closely linked to the coalescence dependent spreading. This inter-connectivity and its dependence on the physical properties of the drop has not been explored until now.

In-depth morphological evaluation of tooth anatomic lengths with root canal configurations using cone beam computed tomography in North American population.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the association between tooth size and root canal morphology by using CBCT analysis.

Methodology: In this retrospective study, tooth anatomic lengths (crown and root lengths, buccolingual and mesiodistal dimensions) of 384 patients were assessed and correlated with Vertucci's root canal morphology classification. Data was analyzed for gender-related differences using the independent sample t-test, ANOVA, and the Pearson's correlation for a possible relation between anatomic lengths and canal morphology.

Radio-Morphometric Evaluation of Greater Palatine Canal and Pterygopalatine Fossa Component: Maxillary Anesthetic Implications.

This is a retrospective analytical cross-sectional study involving 131 cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of adult (18-99 years) that assessed greater palatine canal (GPC) attributes (length, curvature angle, diameter of curvature) and the type of the trajectory of GPC-pterygopalatine fossa (PPF) component. The GPC is an important landmark that connects the oral cavity and PPF. It contains greater and lesser palatine nerves, along-with descending palatine artery and vein by extending from the inferior part of the PPF to the hard palate.

MicroRNA: Dynamic Regulators of Macrophage Polarization and Plasticity.

The ability of a healthy immune system to clear the plethora of antigens it encounters incessantly relies on the enormous plasticity displayed by the comprising cell types. Macrophages (MΦs) are crucial member of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) that constantly patrol the peripheral tissues and are actively recruited to the sites of injury and infection. In tissues, infiltrating monocytes replenish MΦ.

microRNAs: Emerging players in oral cancers and inflammatory disorders.

Association of oral diseases and disorders with altered microRNA profiles is firmly recognized. These evidences support the potential use of microRNAs as therapeutic tools for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of various diseases. In this review, we highlight the association of altered microRNA signatures in oral cancers and oral inflammatory diseases.

MiRNA-Target Interaction Reveals Cell-Specific Post-Transcriptional Regulation in Mammalian Cell Lines.

MicroRNAs are 18-22 nucleotides long, non-coding RNAs that bind transcripts with complementary sequences leading to either mRNA degradation or translational suppression. However, the inherent differences in preferred mode of miRNA regulation among cells of different origin have not been examined. In our previous transcriptome profiling studies, we observed that post-transcriptional regulation can differ substantially depending on the cell in context.

Comparison of clinical periodontal status among habitual smokeless-tobacco users and cigarette smokers.

Aim: Investigating the comparative effect of cigarette smoking and smokeless-tobacco use on periodontal health.

Background: There is a dearth of studies comparing the effects of smoking and smokeless tobacco on periodontal health. Smokeless tobacco is emerging as a major public health hazard, but is often neglected as a risk factor by many clinicians.

Mapping surface tension induced menisci with application to tensiometry and refractometry.

In this work, we discuss an optical method for measuring surface tension induced menisci. The principle of measurement is based upon the change in the background pattern produced by the curvature of the meniscus acting as a lens. We measure the meniscus profile over an inclined glass plate and utilize the measured meniscus for estimation of surface tension and refractive index.

The effect of nutrition on periodontal disease: a systematic review.

The link between nutrients and periodontal disease has not been clearly established. A PubMed and Cochrane database literature search was conducted. The published research reveals only a possible relationship between vitamins and minerals and periodontal disease.