Comparative Efficacy of Ayurveda Treatment Regimen and Letrozole along with Yoga Module in the Management of Unexplained and Anovulatory Female Infertility: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Introduction: Infertility is a significant health problem with psycho-social burden for couples. Ayurveda considers a holistic approach, including complex multimodal regimens in managing infertility. Increasing evidence has shown that Yoga as an adjuvant to infertility treatment increases pregnancy rates.

Raga Bhairavi in virtual reality reduces stress-related psychophysiological markers.

The effects of classical music on psychophysiological parameters are not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the impact of listening to raga Bhairavi, an Indian Classical Music for six days on anxiety, stress, depression, and heart rate variability (HRV) parameters. Forty-four individuals were randomly assigned to either the intervention group (VR-raga), where they listened to raga Bhairavi via 360° video in a virtual reality environment, or the control group, where there was no exposure to raga Bhairavi for six days.

A comprehensive evaluation of linear and non-linear HRV parameters between paced breathing and stressful mental state.

Background: Heart rate variability (HRV) is a crucial metric that provides valuable insight into the balance between relaxation and stress. Previous research has shown that most HRV parameters improve during periods of mental relaxation, while decreasing during tasks involving cognitive workload. Although a comprehensive analysis of both linear and non-linear HRV parameters has been carried out in existing literature, there still exists a need for further research in this area.

Persistence and heterogeneity of the effects of educating mothers to improve child immunisation uptake: Experimental evidence from Uttar Pradesh in India.

Childhood vaccinations are among the most cost-effective health interventions. Yet, in India, where immunisation services are widely available free of charge, a substantial proportion of children remain unvaccinated. We revisit households 30 months after a randomised experiment of a health information intervention designed to educate mothers on the benefits of child vaccination in Uttar Pradesh, India.

DiabeticSense: A Non-Invasive, Multi-Sensor, IoT-Based Pre-Diagnostic System for Diabetes Detection Using Breath.

Diabetes mellitus is a widespread chronic metabolic disorder that requires regular blood glucose level surveillance. Current invasive techniques, such as finger-prick tests, often result in discomfort, leading to infrequent monitoring and potential health complications. The primary objective of this study was to design a novel, portable, non-invasive system for diabetes detection using breath samples, named DiabeticSense, an affordable digital health device for early detection, to encourage immediate intervention.

Does subnetting and port hardening influence human adversarial decisions? An investigation via a HackIT tool.

Prior research in cyber deception has investigated the effectiveness of the timing of deception on human decisions using simulation tools. However, there exists a gap in the literature on how the availability of subnets and port-hardening influence human decisions to attack a system. We tested the influence of subnets and port-hardening on human attack decisions in a simulated environment using the HackIT tool.

Does correlation heuristic dependence reduce due to classroom teaching? A case study from India.

Introduction: People worldwide have problems understanding the basic stock-flow principles (e.g., correlation heuristic), which govern many everyday tasks.

Learning from feedback: Evaluation of dynamic decision-making in virtual reality under various repetitive training frameworks.

Dynamic decision-making involves a series of interconnected interdependent confluence of decisions to be made. Experiential training is preferred over traditional methods to train individuals in dynamic decision-making. Imparting experiential training in physical settings can be very expensive and unreliable.

Life and Death Decisions and COVID-19: Investigating and Modeling the Effect of Framing, Experience, and Context on Preference Reversals in the Asian Disease Problem.

Prior research in judgment and decision making (JDM) has investigated the effect of problem framing on human preferences. Furthermore, research in JDM documented the absence of such reversal of preferences when making decisions from experience. However, little is known about the effect of context on preferences under the combined influence of problem framing and problem format.

Experience in a Climate Simulator: Influence of Probability Function and Feedback on Decisions Against Climate Change.

Research indicates that people continue to exhibit "wait-and-see" preferences toward climate change, despite constant attempts to raise awareness about its cataclysmic effects. Experiencing climatic catastrophes simulation tools has been found to affect the perception of people regarding climate change and promote pro-environmental behaviors. However, not much is known about how experiential feedback and the probability of climate change in a simulation influence the decisions of people.

AI in Healthcare: Time-Series Forecasting Using Statistical, Neural, and Ensemble Architectures.

Both statistical and neural methods have been proposed in the literature to predict healthcare expenditures. However, less attention has been given to comparing predictions from both these methods as well as ensemble approaches in the healthcare domain. The primary objective of this paper was to evaluate different statistical, neural, and ensemble techniques in their ability to predict patients' weekly average expenditures on certain pain medications.

Understanding Human Decision Making in an Interactive Landslide Simulator Tool via Reinforcement Learning.

Prior research has used an Interactive Landslide Simulator (ILS) tool to investigate human decision making against landslide risks. It has been found that repeated feedback in the ILS tool about damages due to landslides causes an improvement in human decisions against landslide risks. However, little is known on how theories of learning from feedback (e.

Influence of Network Size on Adversarial Decisions in a Deception Game Involving Honeypots.

Deception via honeypots, computers that pretend to be real, may provide effective ways of countering cyberattacks in computer networks. Although prior research has investigated the effectiveness of timing and amount of deception via deception-based games, it is unclear as to how the size of the network (i.e.

Learning About the Effects of Alert Uncertainty in Attack and Defend Decisions via Cognitive Modeling.

Objective: We aim to learn about the cognitive mechanisms governing the decisions of attackers and defenders in cybersecurity involving intrusion detection systems (IDSs).

Background: Prior research has experimentally studied the role of the presence and accuracy of IDS alerts on attacker's and defender's decisions using a game-theoretic approach. However, little is known about the cognitive mechanisms that govern these decisions.

Computational cognitive modeling and validation of Dp140 induced alteration of working memory in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy.

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy has emerged as a model to assess cognitive domains. The DMD gene variant location and its association with variable degrees of cognitive impairment necessitate identification of a common denominator. Computer architectures provide a framework to delineate the mechanisms involved in the cognitive functioning of the human brain.

Cyber Security: Effects of Penalizing Defenders in Cyber-Security Games via Experimentation and Computational Modeling.

Cyber-attacks are deliberate attempts by adversaries to illegally access online information of other individuals or organizations. There are likely to be severe monetary consequences for organizations and its workers who face cyber-attacks. However, currently, little is known on how monetary consequences of cyber-attacks may influence the decision-making of defenders and adversaries.

The effect of report cards on the coverage of maternal and neonatal health care: a factorial, cluster-randomised controlled trial in Uttar Pradesh, India.

Background: Report cards are a prominent strategy to increase the ability of citizens to express their view, improve public accountability, and foster community participation in the provision of health services in low-income and middle-income countries. In India, social accountability interventions that incorporate report cards and community meetings have been implemented at scale, attracting considerable policy attention, but there is little evidence on their effectiveness in improving health. We aimed to evaluate the effect of report cards, which contain information on village-level indicators of maternal and neonatal health care, and participatory meetings targeted at health providers and community members (including local leaders) on the coverage of maternal and neonatal health care in Uttar Pradesh, India.

Why people avoid prescribed medical treatment in India?

Avoidance in seeking prescribed medical treatment can result in adverse consequences. The study was conducted to find out the reasons to avoid prescribed medical treatment and associations with various socioeconomic variables in India. Data from the National Sample Survey Organisation 71 Round on "Key Indicators of Social Consumption: Health" (January and June 2014) have been used.

Comparative Assessment of Economic Burden of Disease in Relation to Out of Pocket Expenditure.

The economic costs associated with morbidity pose a great financial risk on the population. Household's over-dependence on out-of-pocket (OOP) health expenditure and their inability to cope up with the economic costs associated with illness often push them into poverty. The current paper aims to measure the economic burden and resultant impoverishment associated with OOP health expenditure for a diverse set of ailments in India.

Process evaluation of a social franchising model to improve maternal health: evidence from a multi-methods study in Uttar Pradesh, India.

Background: A prominent strategy to engage private sector health providers in low- and middle-income countries is clinical social franchising, an organisational model that applies the principles of commercial franchising for socially beneficial goals. The Matrika programme, a multi-faceted social franchise model to improve maternal health, was implemented in three districts of Uttar Pradesh, India, between 2013 and 2016. Previous research indicates that the intervention was not effective in improving the quality and coverage of maternal health services at the population level.

Economic burden, impoverishment, and coping mechanisms associated with out-of-pocket health expenditure in India: A disaggregated analysis at the state level.

Introduction: The high share of out-of-pocket (OOP) health expenditure imposes an extreme financial burden on households, and they have to incur a substantial amount of expenditure to avail health care services. This study analyses the inter-state differentials in the economic burden of OOP health expenditure, resultant impoverishment impact, and sources of finance used as coping mechanisms.

Materials And Methods: The study is based on health expenditure survey, namely the 71 Round on "Key Indicators of Social Consumption in India: Health," (2014) conducted in India by the National Sample Survey Organisation.

Influence of an Intermediate Option on the Description-Experience Gap and Information Search.

Research shows that people tend to overweight small probabilities in description and underweight them in experience, thereby leading to a different pattern of choices between description and experience; a phenomenon known as the Description-Experience (DE) gap. However, little is known on how the addition of an intermediate option and contextual framing influences the DE gap and people's search strategies. This paper tests the effects of an intermediate option and contextual framing on the DE gap and people's search strategies, where problems require search for information before a consequential choice.

Experience in a Climate Microworld: Influence of Surface and Structure Learning, Problem Difficulty, and Decision Aids in Reducing Stock-Flow Misconceptions.

Research shows that people's wait-and-see preferences for actions against climate change are a result of several factors, including cognitive misconceptions. The use of simulation tools could help reduce these misconceptions concerning Earth's climate. However, it is still unclear whether the learning in these tools is of the problem's surface features (dimensions of emissions and absorptions and cover-story used) or of the problem's structural features (how emissions and absorptions cause a change in CO concentration under different CO concentration scenarios).

Effect and cost-effectiveness of educating mothers about childhood DPT vaccination on immunisation uptake, knowledge, and perceptions in Uttar Pradesh, India: A randomised controlled trial.

Background: To assess the effect of health information on immunisation uptake in rural India, we conducted an individually randomised controlled trial of health information messages targeting the mothers of unvaccinated or incompletely vaccinated children through home visits in rural Uttar Pradesh, India.

Methods And Findings: The study tested a brief intervention that provided mothers face-to-face with information on the benefits of the tetanus vaccine. Participants were 722 mothers of children aged 0-36 months who had not received 3 doses of diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) vaccine (DPT3).