Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the mandible: a rare malignant tumor.

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (MCHS) is a highly aggressive, malignant, cartilaginous tumor that represents about 1% of all chondrosarcomas. Only about 50 cases of MCHS of the jaw have been reported in the English-language literature; maxillary tumors are much more common than mandibular tumors. We present a new case of MCHS of the mandible that arose in a 22-year-old woman whose initial two biopsies did not reveal the features of the tumor.

Poliothrysoside and its derivatives as novel insulin sensitizers potentially driving AMPK activation and inhibiting adipogenesis.

In our efforts to develop safe and active chemical entities from nature, we first identified poliothrysoside (1), a phytoconstituent isolated from Flacourtia indica, possessing antidiabetic potential. Subsequently, fifteen derivatives (2-16) were synthesized to assess the activity profile of this class. All the compounds were analyzed for their glucose uptake potency in chronic insulin-induced insulin resistant 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

Adipocyte transdifferentiation and its molecular targets.

According to the World Health Organization obesity is defined as the excessive accumulation of fat, which increases risk of other metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, etc. There are two types of adipose tissue, white and brown adipose tissue (BAT) and the latter has recently gathered interest of the scientific community. Discovery of BAT has opened avenues for a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of obesity and related metabolic syndrome.

Poor periodontal health as a risk factor for development of pre-eclampsia in pregnant women.

Aims: Periodontal disease has been considered a systemic exposure implicated in a higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. The aim of the present study was to determine whether maternal oral health is associated with an increased risk of pre-eclampsia.

Subjects And Methods: A case-control study was conducted which included 40 pregnant women patients admitted to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, J.

Changes in parathyroid proteome in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism due to sporadic parathyroid adenomas.

Purpose: The pathogenesis of parathyroid tumours is only partially understood. A direct approach using proteomics could be a promising tool to increase our understanding of parathyroid tumorigenesis. The aim of the study was to investigate differentially expressed proteins to explore the underlying molecular basis of the disease and identify potential target proteins responsible for the genesis of adenoma.

Pediatric cervical sympathetic chain schwannoma with Horner syndrome: a rare case presentation.

Schwannomas are rare, benign, slowly growing neurogenic tumors that originate in peripheral, spinal, or cranial nerves other than the optic and olfactory nerves. In the head and neck, these tumors usually arise from the vagus nerve and the cervical sympathetic chain in the parapharyngeal space. Cervical sympathetic chain schwannomas represent a rare subgroup of schwannomas; fewer than 60 cases have been reported in the literature.

Rohitukine inhibits in vitro adipogenesis arresting mitotic clonal expansion and improves dyslipidemia in vivo.

We developed a common feature pharmacophore model using known antiadipogenic compounds (CFPMA). We identified rohitukine, a reported chromone anticancer alkaloid as a potential hit through in silico mapping of the in-house natural product library on CFPMA. Studies were designed to assess the antiadipogenic potential of rohitukine.

Triple-core collinear and noncollinear plasmonic photonic crystal fiber couplers.

Numerical analysis of single and multiple gold nanowires embedded in triple cores arranged in collinear and noncollinear configurations in photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) is reported. A full-vectorial finite element method is used to achieve coupling characteristics of plasmonic PCF couplers for both x and y polarizations. It is demonstrated numerically that the PCF plasmonic couplers exhibit polarization-independent tunable broadband filter characteristics that can be tuned according to the diameter of the embedded gold rod(s).

Endoscopic Trans-Nasal Trans-Sphenoidal (TNTS) Approach For Pituitary Adenomas: Our Experience.

Advances in optics, miniaturization, and endoscopic instrumentation have revolutionized surgery in the past decade. Current progress in the field of endoscopy promises to further this evolution: endoscopic telescopes and instruments have improved upon the optical and technical limitations of the microscope, and require an even less invasive approach to the sella. Pituitary surgery is traditionally within the realm of the neurosurgeon.

Clinical profile of pharyngeal malignancy in a tertiary care centre, state of uttarakhand.

Pharynx is a common site of malignancy in the head and neck region. This study presents a series of 94 cases of pharyngeal malignancy conducted at Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Dehradun, Uttarakhand in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology for a period of one year (2009-2010). Mean age at presentation was 56.

Correlation study between nasal septal deviation and rhinosinusitis.

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a major cause of concern worldwide. Nasal septal deviation (NSD) may either cause osteomeatal obstruction or may interfere with proper airflow and potentially predispose to sinusitis. Due to the lack of a universally accepted classification on NSD it has not been established whether NSD influences the development of sinusitis or not.

Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia presenting as isolated persistent epistaxis: a very rare presentation.

Nose bleed is the most common rhinological emergency. There are multiple risk factors for the development of epistaxis and it can affect any age group, but it is the elderly population with their associated morbidity who often require more intensive treatment and subsequent admission. Most cases of epistaxis occur in the Little's area, a location readily accessible and treatable by cautery or anterior nasal packing.

Oral dermatological conditions: a clinical study.

Oral cavity consists of a small vestibule and a larger oral cavity proper. A wide number of dermatological conditions can affect the oral cavity. The clinical characteristics of the same were studied in patients attending departments of Dermatology/ENT Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Dehradun.

Fungus cerebri (brain fungus): a rare complication of mastoidectomy.

Fungus cerebri is a relatively rare disease. The various reasons attributed to such pathology are, long standing mastoiditis, previous temporal lobe fracture, spontaneous herniation and most important common cause is post operative to mastoidectomy. The diagnosis is mainly clinical and supplemented by imaging studies.

Clinico-etiolological study of vocal cord paralysis.

The purpose of this study was to identify patients of vocal cord paralysis and to establish an etiological diagnosis. Patients with vocal cord paralysis have been followed prospectively at a tertiary referral center. 120 patients identified with vocal cord paralysis by laryngeal endoscopy were evaluated clinically, radiologically and pathologically to make an etiological diagnosis.

A withanolide coagulin-L inhibits adipogenesis modulating Wnt/β-catenin pathway and cell cycle in mitotic clonal expansion.

Obesity is a result of adipocyte hypertrophy followed by hyperplasia. It is a risk factor for several metabolic disorders such as dyslipidemia, type-2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. Coagulanolides, particularly coagulin-L isolated from W.

Tunable optical parametric amplification characteristics of liquid-filled chalcogenide photonic crystal fibers.

A new technique to attain tunable parametric amplification in photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) through control of chromatic dispersion is proposed and empirically investigated. By infiltrating the air channels of the PCFs with suitable thermo-optic liquids, the zero-dispersion wavelength (ZDW) can be tailored to provide a wider gain spectrum in the mid-IR range and generate blueshifted frequency components. It is deduced that a change of 10-20 nm in the ZDW around the pump creates a gain region several hundred nanometers from the pump wavelength by only varying the temperature of the liquid externally.

Methylation status of the CpG islands in vitamin D and calcium-sensing receptor gene promoters does not explain the reduced gene expressions in parathyroid adenomas.

Aim: The exact mechanism causing decreased expression of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) genes in parathyroid adenoma is not known, but methylation of promoter regions is often detected during epigenetic downregulation of gene expression. We investigated whether epigenetic silencing is involved in the decreased expression of VDR and CASR.

Experimental Design: Real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry confirmed the downregulation of the VDR and CASR genes at transcriptional and translational levels.

Clinico-pathological profile of sinonasal masses: An experience in tertiary care hospital of Uttarakhand.

Background: The purpose of this study was to classify various types of non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions presenting as sinonasal mass and characterize their clinico-pathological profile in a tertiary care center in the state of Uttarakhand.

Materials And Methods: This was a prospective study where 110 cases of sinonasal masses were included over a period of 12 months. Clinico-pathological study was carried out in these cases.

Is pathologic confirmation of placental abruption more reliable in cases due to chronic etiologies compared with acute etiologies?

Background: Pathology laboratories often receive requests for confirmation of abruption; however, pathologically, abruption can only be confirmed by the presence of adherent blood clot on the maternal surface that is indenting the underlying placental parenchyma.

Design: We evaluated whether abruptions due to more chronic underlying medical conditions are more likely to have a retained indenting retroplacental clot that is detectable by the pathologist than abruptions due to acute etiologies. This was a retrospective review from January 1995 to June 2012 of cases with a clinical and/or pathologic diagnosis of abruption.

Simultaneous expression analysis of vitamin D receptor, calcium-sensing receptor, cyclin D1, and PTH in symptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism in Asian Indians.

Background: To explore underlying molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of symptomatic sporadic primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT).

Materials And Methods: Forty-one parathyroid adenomas from patients with symptomatic PHPT and ten normal parathyroid glands either from patients with PHPT (n=3) or from euthyroid patients without PHPT during thyroid surgery (n=7) were analyzed for vitamin D receptor (VDR), calcium-sensing receptor (CASR), cyclin D1 (CD1), and parathyroid hormone (PTH) expressions. The protein expressions were assessed semiquantitatively by immunohistochemistry, based on percentage of positive cells and staining intensity, and confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR.

Nanostructured graphene/Fe₃O₄ incorporated polyaniline as a high performance shield against electromagnetic pollution.

The development of high-performance shielding materials against electromagnetic pollution requires mobile charge carriers and magnetic dipoles. Herein, we meet the challenge by building a three-dimensional (3D) nanostructure consisting of chemically modified graphene/Fe3O4(GF) incorporated polyaniline. Intercalated GF was synthesized by the in situ generation of Fe3O4 nanoparticles in a graphene oxide suspension followed by hydrazine reduction, and further in situ polymerization with aniline to form a polyaniline composite.

Assessment of tumor antigen-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles as an efficient delivery system for dendritic cell engineering.

Aim: The work attempts to overcome tumor-associated immune tolerance using a surface-modified solid lipid nanoparticle (SLNP) delivery system for dendritic cell (DC) immunotherapy.

Materials & Methods: Different formulations of SLNPs (SLNPs-alone, cationic SLNPs and mannosylated SLNPs) were prepared using tumor cell lysates. Prepared nanoparticles were characterized and their ability to activate DCs to induce a tumor cell-specific response was assessed.