Cultivar-specific miRNA-mediated RNA silencing in grapes.

In-depth comparative degradome analysis of two domesticated grape cultivars with diverse secondary metabolite accumulation reveals differential miRNA-mediated targeting. Small (s)RNAs such as micro(mi)RNAs and secondary small interfering (si) often work as negative switches of gene expression. In plants, it is well known that miRNAs target and cleave mRNAs that have high sequence complementarity.

Degradome comparison between wild and cultivated rice identifies differential targeting by miRNAs.

Background: Small non-coding (s)RNAs are involved in the negative regulation of gene expression, playing critical roles in genome integrity, development and metabolic pathways. Targeting of RNAs by ribonucleoprotein complexes of sRNAs bound to Argonaute (AGO) proteins results in cleaved RNAs having precise and predictable 5` ends. While tools to study sliced bits of RNAs to confirm the efficiency of sRNA-mediated regulation are available, they are sub-optimal.

RNA Blot Analysis for the Detection and Quantification of Plant MicroRNAs.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenously expressed non-coding, ~21 nt small RNAs involved in the regulation of gene expression in both plants and animals. Most miRNAs act as negative switches of gene expression targeting key genes. In plants, primary miRNAs (pri-miRNAs) transcripts are generated by RNA polymerase II, and they form varying lengths of stable stem-loop structures called pre-miRNAs.

A conserved sequence signature is essential for robust plant miRNA biogenesis.

Micro (mi)RNAs are 20-22nt long non-coding RNA molecules involved in post-transcriptional silencing of targets having high base-pair complementarity. Plant miRNAs are processed from long Pol II-transcripts with specific stem-loop structures by Dicer-like (DCL) 1 protein. Although there were reports indicating how a specific region is selected for miRNA biogenesis, molecular details were unclear.

Dynamic expression of tRNA-derived small RNAs define cellular states.

Transfer RNA (tRNA)-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) have recently emerged as important regulators of protein translation and shown to have diverse biological functions. However, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of tsRNA function in the context of dynamic cell-state transitions remain unclear. Expression analysis of tsRNAs in distinct heterologous cell and tissue models of stem vs.

miR828 and miR858 regulate VvMYB114 to promote anthocyanin and flavonol accumulation in grapes.

MicroRNAs are a class of non-coding small RNAs involved in the negative regulation of gene expression, which play critical roles in developmental and metabolic pathways. Studies in several plants have identified a few microRNAs and other small RNAs that target regulators of the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway called the MYB transcription factors. However, it is not well understood how sRNA-mediated regulation of MYBs influences the accumulation of specific secondary metabolites.

Major Domestication-Related Phenotypes in Rice Are Due to Loss of miRNA-Mediated Laccase Silencing.

Domestication of rice () included conversion of perennial wild species with few seeds to short plants that produced abundant seeds. Most domestication-associated changes were due to variations in transcription factors and other key proteins such as enzymes. Here, we show that multiple yield-related traits associated with rice domestication are linked to micro (mi) RNA-mediated regulation.