Vemurafenib inhibits the replication of diabetogenic enteroviruses in intestinal epithelial and pancreatic beta cells.

Enteroviruses, which infect via the gut, have been implicated in type 1 diabetes (T1D) development. Prolonged faecal shedding of enterovirus has been associated with islet autoimmunity. Additionally, enteroviral proteins and viral RNA have been detected in the pancreatic islets of individuals with recent-onset T1D, implicating their possible role in beta cell destruction.

A rosin-functionalized plastic surface inactivates African swine fever virus.

African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes a severe hemorrhagic disease in pigs, leading to up to 100% case fatality. The virus May persist on solid surfaces for long periods; thus, fomites, such as contaminated clothing, footwear, farming tools, equipment, and transport vehicles, May contribute to the indirect transmission of the virus. Here, a plastic surface functionalized with tall oil rosin was tested against ASFV.

Impact of HDAC inhibitors on macrophage polarization to enhance innate immunity against infections.

Innate immunity plays an important role in host defense against pathogenic infections. It involves macrophage polarization into either the pro-inflammatory M1 or the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, influencing immune stimulation or suppression, respectively. Epigenetic changes during immune reactions contribute to long-term innate immunity imprinting on macrophage polarization.

SAR Analysis of Novel Coxsackie virus A9 Capsid Binders.

Enterovirus infections are common in humans, yet there are no approved antiviral treatments. In this study we concentrated on inhibition of one of the (EV-B), namely Coxsackievirus A9 (CVA9), using a combination of medicinal chemistry, virus inhibition assays, structure determination from cryogenic electron microscopy and molecular modeling, to determine the structure activity relationships for a promising class of novel -phenylbenzylamines. Of the new 29 compounds synthesized, 10 had half maximal effective concentration (EC) values between 0.

Comparison of structure and immunogenicity of CVB1-VLP and inactivated CVB1 vaccine candidates.

Coxsackievirus B1 (CVB1) is a common cause of acute and chronic myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy and aseptic meningitis. However, no CVB-vaccines are available for human use. In this study, we investigated the immunogenicity of virus-like particle (VLP) and inactivated whole-virus vaccines for CVB1 when administrated to mice via either subcutaneous or intranasal routes formulated with and without commercial and experimental adjuvants.

Tree Species-Dependent Inactivation of Coronaviruses and Enteroviruses on Solid Wood Surfaces.

The ongoing challenge of viral transmission, exemplified by the Covid pandemic and recurrent viral outbreaks, necessitates the exploration of sustainable antiviral solutions. This study investigates the underexplored antiviral potential of wooden surfaces. We evaluated the antiviral efficacy of various wood types, including coniferous and deciduous trees, against enveloped coronaviruses and nonenveloped enteroviruses like coxsackie virus A9.

Antiviral action of a functionalized plastic surface against human coronaviruses.

Viruses may persist on solid surfaces for long periods, which may contribute to indirect transmission. Thus, it is imperative to develop functionalized surfaces that will lower the infectious viral load in everyday life. Here, we have tested a plastic surface functionalized with tall oil rosin against the seasonal human coronavirus OC43 as well as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.

Antiviral functionalization of cellulose using tannic acid and tannin-rich extracts.

Due to seasonally appearing viruses and several outbreaks and present pandemic, we are surrounded by viruses in our everyday life. In order to reduce viral transmission, functionalized surfaces that inactivate viruses are in large demand. Here the endeavor was to functionalize cellulose-based materials with tannic acid (TA) and tannin-rich extracts by using different binding polymers to prevent viral infectivity of both non-enveloped coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) and enveloped human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43).

Willow ( spp.) bark hot water extracts inhibit both enveloped and non-enveloped viruses: study on its anti-coronavirus and anti-enterovirus activities.

Introduction: Recurring viral outbreaks have a significant negative impact on society. This creates a need to develop novel strategies to complement the existing antiviral approaches. There is a need for safe and sustainable antiviral solutions derived from nature.

Vemurafenib Inhibits Acute and Chronic Enterovirus Infection by Affecting Cellular Kinase Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase Type IIIβ.

Enteroviruses are one of the most abundant viruses causing mild to serious acute infections in humans and also contributing to chronic diseases like type 1 diabetes. Presently, there are no approved antiviral drugs against enteroviruses. Here, we studied the potency of vemurafenib, an FDA-approved RAF kinase inhibitor for treating BRAF mutant-related melanoma, as an antiviral against enteroviruses.

Inspired by nature: Fiber networks functionalized with tannic acid and condensed tannin-rich extracts of Norway spruce bark show antimicrobial efficacy.

This study demonstrated the antibacterial and antiviral potential of condensed tannins and tannic acid when incorporated into fiber networks tested for functional material purposes. Condensed tannins were extracted from industrial bark of Norway spruce by using pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE), followed by purification of extracts by using XADHP7 treatment to obtain sugar-free extract. The chemical composition of the extracts was analyzed by using HPLC, GC‒MS and UHPLC after thiolytic degradation.

Antiviral Mechanisms of -Phenyl Benzamides on Coxsackie Virus A9.

Enteroviruses are one of the most abundant groups of viruses infecting humans, and yet there are no approved antivirals against them. To find effective antiviral compounds against enterovirus B group viruses, an in-house chemical library was screened. The most effective compounds against Coxsackieviruses B3 (CVB3) and A9 (CVA9) were CL212 and CL213, two -phenyl benzamides.

Structural Studies Reveal that Endosomal Cations Promote Formation of Infectious Coxsackievirus A9 A-Particles, Facilitating RNA and VP4 Release.

Coxsackievirus A9 (CVA9), an enterovirus, is a common cause of pediatric aseptic meningitis and neonatal sepsis. During cell entry, enterovirus capsids undergo conformational changes leading to expansion, formation of large pores, externalization of VP1 N termini, and loss of the lipid factor from VP1. Factors such as receptor binding, heat, and acidic pH can trigger capsid expansion in some enteroviruses.

Covalent and non-covalent coupling of a Au nanocluster with a fluorophore: energy transfer, quenching and intracellular pH sensing.

Interactions between an atomically precise gold nanocluster Au(-MBA) (-MBA = mercaptobenzoic acid) and a fluorescent organic dye molecule (KU, azadioxatriangulenium) are studied. In solution, the constituents form spontaneously a weakly bound complex leading to quenching of fluorescence of the KU dye energy transfer. The KU can be separated from the complex by lowering pH, leading to recovery of fluorescence, which forms a basis for an optical reversible pH sensor.

Enzyme-assisted extraction of anthocyanins and other phenolic compounds from blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) press cake: From processing to bioactivities.

The effects of commercial enzymes (pectinases, cellulases, beta-1-3-glucanases, and pectin lyases) on the recovery of anthocyanins and polyphenols from blackcurrant press cake were studied considering two solid:solvent ratios (1:10 and 1:4 w/v). β-glucanase enabled the recovery of the highest total phenolic content - 1142 mg/100 g, and the extraction of anthocyanins was similar using all enzymes (∼400 mg/100 g). The use of cellulases and pectinases enhanced the extraction of antioxidants (DPPH - 1080 mg/100 g; CUPRAC - 3697 mg/100 g).

Serological Follow-Up Study Indicates High Seasonal Coronavirus Infection and Reinfection Rates in Early Childhood.

Seasonal human coronaviruses (HCoVs) cause respiratory infections, especially in children. Currently, the knowledge on early childhood seasonal coronavirus infections and the duration of antibody levels following the first infections is limited. Here we analyzed serological follow-up samples to estimate the rate of primary infection and reinfection(s) caused by seasonal coronaviruses in early childhood.

Modification of face masks with zeolite imidazolate framework-8: A tool for hindering the spread of COVID-19 infection.

The worldwide spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has continued to accelerate, putting a considerable burden on public health, safety, and the global economy. Taking into consideration that the main route of virus transmission is via respiratory particles, the face mask represents a simple and efficient barrier between potentially infected and healthy individuals, thus reducing transmissibility per contact by reducing transmission of infected respiratory particles. However, long-term usage of a face mask leads to the accumulation of significant amounts of different pathogens and viruses onto the surface of the mask and can result in dangerous bacterial and viral co-infections.

From the forest to the plate - Hemicelluloses, galactoglucomannan, glucuronoxylan, and phenolic-rich extracts from unconventional sources as functional food ingredients.

This study aimed to characterise pressurised hot water (PHW) extracts from nonconventional sources of functional carbohydrates and phenolic compounds in terms of antioxidant capacity, antiviral activity, toxicity, and human erythrocytes' protection antidiabetic potential. PHW extracts of Norway spruce bark (E1 + E2) and Birch sawdust (E3 + E4) contained mostly galactoglucomannan and glucuronoxylan. In contrast, samples E5 to E9 PHW extracted from Norway spruce, and Scots pine bark are rich sources of phenolic compounds.

spp. Bark Hot Water Extracts Show Antiviral, Antibacterial, and Antioxidant Activities-The Bioactive Properties of 16 Clones.

Earlier studies have shown that the bark of L. species (Salicaceae family) is rich in extractives, such as diverse bioactive phenolic compounds. However, we lack knowledge on the bioactive properties of the bark of willow species and clones adapted to the harsh climate conditions of the cool temperate zone.

Distinctive Evasion Mechanisms to Allow Persistence of in Different Human Cell Lines.

Lyme borreliosis is a multisystemic disease caused by the pleomorphic bacteria of the complex. The exact mechanisms for the infection to progress into a prolonged sequelae of the disease are currently unknown, although immune evasion and persistence of the bacteria in the host are thought to be major contributors. The current study investigated infection processes in two human cell lines, both non-immune and non-phagocytic, to further understand the mechanisms of infection of this bacterium.

Polyphenols Epigallocatechin Gallate and Resveratrol, and Polyphenol-Functionalized Nanoparticles Prevent Enterovirus Infection through Clustering and Stabilization of the Viruses.

To efficiently lower virus infectivity and combat virus epidemics or pandemics, it is important to discover broadly acting antivirals. Here, we investigated two naturally occurring polyphenols, Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and Resveratrol (RES), and polyphenol-functionalized nanoparticles for their antiviral efficacy. Concentrations in the low micromolar range permanently inhibited the infectivity of high doses of enteroviruses (10 PFU/mL).

Enteroviruses and coronaviruses: similarities and therapeutic targets.

: Enteroviruses are common viruses causing a huge number of acute and chronic infections and producing towering economic costs. Similarly, coronaviruses cause seasonal mild infections, epidemics, and even pandemics and can lead to severe respiratory symptoms. It is important to develop broadly acting antiviral molecules to efficiently tackle the infections caused by thes.

Field-Grown and In Vitro Propagated Round-Leaved Sundew ( L.) Show Differences in Metabolic Profiles and Biological Activities.

L. is a carnivorous plant used in traditional medicine for its therapeutic properties. Because of its small size, its collection in nature is laborious and different cultivation methods have been studied to ensure availability.

Toxicological and bioactivity evaluation of blackcurrant press cake, sea buckthorn leaves and bark from Scots pine and Norway spruce extracts under a green integrated approach.

Aqueous extracts from blackcurrant press cake (BC), Norway spruce bark (NS), Scots pine bark (SP), and sea buckthorn leaves (SB) were obtained using maceration and pressurized hot water and tested for their bioactivities. Maceration provided the extraction of higher dry matter contents, including total phenolics (TPC), anthocyanins, and condensed tannins, which also impacted higher antioxidant activity. NS and SB extracts presented the highest mean values of TPC and antioxidant activity.