COVID-19 pandemic decision support system for a population defense strategy and vaccination effectiveness.

The year 2020 ended with a significant COVID-19 pandemic, which traumatized almost many countries where the lockdowns were restored, and numerous emotional social protests erupted. According to the World Health Organization, the global epidemiological situation in the first months of 2021 deteriorated. In this paper, the decision-making supporting system (DMSS) is proposed to be an epidemiological prediction tool.

Diagnostic model for the society safety under COVID-19 pandemic conditions.

The aim of this paper is to develop an information-modeling method for assessing and predicting the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. To this end, a detailed analysis of official statistical information provided by global and national organizations is carried out. The developed method is based on the algorithm of multi-channel big data processing considering the demographic and socio-economic information.

The Signature of the Coronavirus Lockdown in Air Pollution in Greece.

The change in atmospheric pollution from a public lockdown in Greece introduced to curb the spread of the COVID-19 is examined based on ground-based and satellite observations. The results showed that in most cases, the change in atmospheric pollution is not statistically significant. It is probably an artifact of the meteorological conditions that contributed significantly to the long-range transport of air pollutants over Greece during the shutdown period.

A new model for the spread of COVID-19 and the improvement of safety.

COVID-19 has been spreading rapidly around the world since December 2019. The main goal of this study is to develop a more effective method for diagnosing and predicting the COVID-19 spread and to evaluate the effectiveness of control measures to reduce and stop the virus spread. To this end, the COVID-19 Decision-Making System (CDMS) was developed to study disease transmission.

Erratum: Future Temperature Extremes Will Be More Harmful: A New Critical Factor for Improved Forecasts.

The authors would like to correct the names and surnames of both authors of their previous paper [1] as follows [...

Correction: A Fuzzy Model of Risk Assessment for Environmental Start-Up Projects in the Air Transport Sector. 2019, , 3753.

The authors wish to make the following correction to their paper [...

Future Temperature Extremes Will Be More Harmful: A New Critical Factor for Improved Forecasts.

There is increasing evidence that extreme weather events such as frequent and intense cold spells and heat waves cause unprecedented deaths and diseases in both developed and developing countries. Thus, they require extensive and immediate research to limit the risks involved. Average temperatures in Europe in June-July 2019 were the hottest ever measured and attributed to climate change.

A Fuzzy Model of Risk Assessment for Environmental Start-up Projects in the Air Transport Sector.

The purpose of this paper is to develop a fuzzy model of the risk assessment for environmental start-up projects in the air transport sector at the stage of business expansion. The model developed for the following software will be a useful tool for the risk decision support system of investment funds in financing environmental start-up projects at the stage of market conquest. Developing a quantitative risk assessment for environmental start-up projects for the air transport sector will increase the resilience of making risk decisions about their financing by the investors.

The Earth's Population Can Reach 14 Billion in the 23rd Century without Significant Adverse Effects on Survivability.

This paper presents the results obtained from the study of the sustainable state between nature and human society on a global scale, focusing on the most critical interactions between the natural and anthropogenic processes. Apart from the conventional global models, the basic tool employed herein is the newly proposed complex model entitled "nature-society system (NSS) model", through which a reliable modeling of the processes taking place in the global climate-nature-society system (CNSS) is achieved. This universal tool is mainly based on the information technology that allows the adaptive conformance of the parametric and functional space of this model.

The local and regional atmospheric oxidants at Athens (Greece).

In the present study, the investigation of the levels of the local and regional oxidants concentration at Athens, Greece, is attempted by analyzing the observations obtained at an urban and a rural station, during 2001-2011 and 2007-2011, respectively. A progressive increase of the daytime and nighttime average of [NO2]/[Ox] versus [NOx] is observed showing a larger proportion of Ox in the form of NO2 when the level of NOx increases. Similar results are observed when studying the variation of mean values of [NO2]/[NOx] versus [NOx].

On the limits of the air pollution predictability: the case of the surface ozone at Athens, Greece.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the potential effects of increased urbanization in the Athens city, Greece on the intrinsic features of the temporal fluctuations of the surface ozone concentration (SOC).

Methods: The detrended fluctuation analysis was applied to the mean monthly values of SOC derived from ground-based observations collected at the centre of Athens basin during 1901-1940 and 1987-2007.

Results: Despite the present-day SOC doubling in respect to SOC historic levels, its fluctuations exhibit long-range power-law persistence, with similar features in both time periods.

Deposition measurement of particulate matter in connection with corrosion studies.

A new passive particle collector (inert surrogate surface) that collects particles from all directions has been developed. It was used to measure particle deposition at 35 test sites as part of a project that examined corrosion of materials in order that variation in particulate material could be used in development of dose-response functions in a modern multi-pollutant environment. The project, MULTI-ASSESS, was funded by the EU to examine the effects of air pollution on cultural heritage.

The extraordinary events of the major, sudden stratospheric warming, the diminutive antarctic ozone hole, and its split in 2002.

Goal, Scope And Background: Great interest in the unprecedented events of the major, sudden stratospheric warming and the ozone hole split over Antarctica in September 25, 2002 motivates a necessity to analyze the current understanding on the dynamics, chemistry and climate impacts that are associated with both events.

Methods: Significant progress in the analysis of the observational data obtained, as well as successful development and application of dynamical modeling, which have been achieved very recently, create a basis for the first survey on the role of the major, sudden stratospheric warming observed in the southern hemisphere and its relationship to the diminutive Antarctic ozone hole and its break up into two parts.

Results And Discussion: Special attention has been paid to assessments of the causes of the major warming event and the future expectations concerning the stratospheric ozone depletion effect.

What is the lesson from the unprecedented event over Antarctica in 2002?

Varotsos (2002a,b), suggested that both the smaller-sized ozone hole over Antarctica and its splitting in two holes in September 2002 occurred due to an unprecedented major sudden stratospheric warming caused by very strong planetary waves propagated in the southern hemisphere. Subsequently, a NASA press release of December 6, 2002, also reported the prevalence of very strong planetary waves in Antarctica. The aim of this Letter is to further discuss the morphology of the Antarctic ozone hole, to detect the causes that allowed the Antarctic stratosphere to exhibit this exceptional warming and to examine what it denotes about its mechanisms.

Long-term variation in surface ozone and its precursors in Athens, Greece: a forecasting tool.

Intention, Goal, Scope, Background: Photochemical pollution is a very complex process involving meteorological, topographic, emission and chemical parameters. The most important chemical mechanisms involved in the atmospheric process have already been identified and studied. However, many unknown parameters still exist because of the large number of participating chemical reactions.

The southern hemisphere ozone hole split in 2002.

Among the most important aspects of the atmospheric pollution problem are the anthropogenic impacts on the stratospheric ozone layer, the related trends of the total ozone content drop and the solar ultraviolet radiation enhancement at the Earth's surface level. During September 2002, the ozone hole over the Antarctic was much smaller than in the previous six years. It has split into two separate holes, due to the appearance of sudden stratospheric warming that has never been observed before in the southern hemisphere.

On the plausible association between environmental conditions and human eye damage.

The increase in solar ultraviolet radiation can have various direct and indirect effects on human health, like the incidence of ocular damage. Data of eye damage in residents of three suburban regions in Greece and in two groups of monks/nuns and fishermen are examined here. The statistics performed on these data provides new information about the plausible association between increased levels of solar ultraviolet radiation, air-pollution at ground level, and the development of ocular defects.

Global tropospheric ozone dynamics. Part II: Numerical modelling of tropospheric ozone variability.

Various causes of tropospheric changes have been considered in Part I in connection with the analysis of observation data. It is clear however, that the principal instrument for understanding numerous and often interacting causes of ozone changes is numerical modelling. A review of the current status of the numerical modelling has been made for the variability of the ozone concentration in the troposphere.

Global tropospheric ozone dynamics. Part I: Tropospheric ozone precursors.

An overview of the tropospheric ozone changes is presented focussing mainly on the tropospheric ozone precursors. The complexity of the problem is shown through the consideration of a great number of relevant substances, like nitrogen compounds, volatile organic compounds, peroxyacetyl nitrate, hydroxyl radical, carbon monoxide, alkyl nitrates. The up-to-date knowledge on the relevant numerical modelling is presented in Part II.