Falcine and parasagittal intracranial chondrosarcomas of the classical variant: report of two cases with review of literature.

Intracranial primary extraskeletal chondrosarcomas are extremely rare. We report two cases of the classical variant which were dural based: one falcine and the other parasagittal are presented. Only 10 cases of this variant have been reported in this location.

Intravascular catheter-related infections in an Indian tertiary care hospital.

Introduction: This study had two objectives: 1) to determine the clinical and microbiological profiles of patients developing intravascular catheter-related local (localized catheter colonization and exit site) and systemic infections and their predisposing factors; 2) to study the antibiotic sensitivity patterns of the organisms isolated.

Methodology: This case-control study was conducted over 19 months involving 232 patients at a tertiary care hospital. Non-tunneled central venous catheters and midline catheters were the two types studied.

Eicosanoid Production following One Bout of Exercise in Middle-Aged African American Pre- and Stage 1 Hypertensives.

Endothelial dysfunction and a sedentary lifestyle may be involved in the development of hypertension which is proliferative among middle-aged African Americans (AA). Signaling molecules derived from the oxidation of 20-carbon fatty acid molecules known as eicosanoids influence vascular tone. The relationship between aerobic fitness and eicosanoid formation following exercise in middle-aged African American hypertensives is unknown.

Choroidal involution is a key component of oxygen-induced retinopathy.

Purpose: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a major cause of visual handicap in the pediatric population. To date, this disorder is thought to stem from deficient retinal vascularization. Intriguingly, functional electrophysiological studies in patients with mild or moderate ROP and in the oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model in rats reveal central photoreceptor disruption that overlies modest retinal vessel loss; a paucity of retinal vasculature occurs predominantly at the periphery.

Comparison of UHPLC and HPLC methods for the assay of prostanoids: "are the methods equivalent in terms of accuracy and precision?".

Background: As new methods are developed to increase efficiency and higher analytical performance, it is necessary to evaluate their quality in comparison to standard methods. To understand how the analytical performance changes between methods, it is common to compare the validation parameters; sensitivity, linearity, accuracy and precision. Here, we compare an UHPLC-UV method to the HPLC-UV method (reference method) for the simultaneous determination of seven prostanoids.

Development and validation of a stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography method for the simultaneous determination of albuterol, budesonide, and ipratropium bromide in compounded nebulizer solutions.

In recent years, there has been a large increase in the use of pharmaceutical compounding to prepare medications that are not commercially available. The treatment of asthma typically includes the use of albuterol (ALB), ipratropium bromide (IPB), and/or budesonide (BUD) nebulizer solutions. There is currently no commercially available nebulizer solution containing all three of these compounds, and patients must rely on often-unregulated compounding.

Ischemic neurons prevent vascular regeneration of neural tissue by secreting semaphorin 3A.

The failure of blood vessels to revascularize ischemic neural tissue represents a significant challenge for vascular biology. Examples include proliferative retinopathies (PRs) such as retinopathy of prematurity and proliferative diabetic retinopathy, which are the leading causes of blindness in children and working-age adults. PRs are characterized by initial microvascular degeneration, followed by a compensatory albeit pathologic hypervascularization mounted by the hypoxic retina attempting to reinstate metabolic equilibrium.

A positive response to a recruitment maneuver with PEEP titration in patients with ARDS, regardless of transient oxygen desaturation during the maneuver.

Unlabelled: Recruitment maneuvers (RMs) can expand collapsed alveoli in ventilated patients. The optimal method for delivering RMs is unknown.

Purpose: To evaluate the safety and the respiratory and hemodynamic effects of a staircase recruitment maneuver (SRM) with decremental positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) titration and the consequences of desaturation during the SRM in patients with early acute lung injury (ALI).

Viscogonioplasty in narrow angle glaucoma: a randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: To determine the effect of viscogonioplasty and cataract extraction on intraocular pressure in patients with narrow angle glaucoma.

Methods: This was a double-masked randomized controlled trial involving 50 eyes (25 cases and 25 controls) from 38 consecutive patients. All patients underwent phacoemulsification with or without viscogonioplasty.

Traumatic adrenal gland injury: epidemiology and outcomes in a major Australian trauma center.

Introduction: Adrenal gland injury (ADGI) is quite rare and mostly associated with other organ injuries secondary to blunt thoracoabdominal trauma. Bilateral ADGI has severe consequences if not discovered in the treatment course of trauma victims.

Purpose: To review our experience of management of ADGI, epidemiology, and outcomes in a major Australian trauma institute.

Chromatography with higher pressure, smaller particles and higher temperature: a bioanalytical perspective.

Recent years have seen widespread use of ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) in biological fluids. Most commonly the emphasis is on developing high throughput assay methods to reduce the analysis time and cost. Particle size and temperature are chromatographic parameters that can be changed to improve efficiency and obtain rapid separations.

Combination therapy with epigallocatechin-3-gallate and doxorubicin in human prostate tumor modeling studies: inhibition of metastatic tumor growth in severe combined immunodeficiency mice.

The polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in combination with doxorubicin (Dox) exhibits a synergistic activity in blocking the growth and colony-forming ability of human prostate cell lines in vitro. EGCG has been found to disrupt the mitochondrial membrane potential, induce vesiculation of mitochondria, and induce elevated poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage and apoptosis. EGCG in combination with low levels of Dox had a synergistic effect in blocking tumor cell growth.

Migration of retained broken chopper tip after phacoemulsification.

We report removal of a retained broken chopper tip after phacoemulsification. Although the foreign body was thought to be stable in the ciliary sulcus 2 months postoperatively, it dislocated into the anterior chamber 8 months later. It was removed with a microforceps under gonioscopic visualization.

Removal of Spindly from microtubule-attached kinetochores controls spindle checkpoint silencing in human cells.

The spindle checkpoint generates a "wait anaphase" signal at unattached kinetochores to prevent premature anaphase onset. Kinetochore-localized dynein is thought to silence the checkpoint by transporting checkpoint proteins from microtubule-attached kinetochores to spindle poles. Throughout metazoans, dynein recruitment to kinetochores requires the protein Spindly.

Sustained hypercapnia induces cerebral microvascular degeneration in the immature brain through induction of nitrative stress.

Hypercapnia is regularly observed in chronic lung disease, such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants. Hypercapnia results in increased nitric oxide synthase activity and in vitro formation of nitrates. Neural vasculature of the immature subject is particularly sensitive to nitrative stress.

Effects of exposure of parents to toxic gases in Bhopal on the offspring.

Background: Exposure to methyl isocyanate and other toxic gases in Bhopal, India, on December 3, 1984 resulted in thousands of acute deaths, pregnancy loss and long-term effects.

Methods: From 1985 to 2007, we conducted successive surveys of vital status and health to determine whether the exposure of parents to toxic gases in the Bhopal incident affected the 5-year survival and anthropometric variables of their offspring.

Results: Initial 5-year mortality of offspring of exposed parents was very high.

Perceptions of HIV risk among monogamous wives of alcoholic men in South India: a qualitative study.

Objective: To understand women's perceptions of their own HIV risk and to determine the feasibility of conducting an HIV prevention study.

Methods: Two focus groups were conducted in November 2004 with wives of heavy drinkers admitted to the Deaddiction Unit at the National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS) in Bangalore, India. Data were analyzed using content analysis.

Three-dimensional morphologic nasal surface characteristics that predict the extremes of esthetics in patients with repaired cleft lip and palate.

Objective: The purposes of this study were (1) to develop imaging methods and objective numeric parameters to describe nose morphology, and (2) to correlate those parameters with nasal esthetics for patients with clefts.

Methods: A total of 28 patients with repaired complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (CUCLP) and 20 age- and gender-matched individuals without clefts were identified. A panel of orthodontists rated and ranked nasal esthetics from nose casts for the cleft group.

Ab initio chemical kinetics for the reaction of an H atom with Si3H8.

The kinetics and mechanism for the reaction of H with Si(3)H(8) have been investigated using various theoretical methods including CCSD(T)/6-311++G(3df,2p)//B3LYP/6-311++G(3df,2p), G2M(RCC2), and CCSD(T)/6-311++G(3df,2p)//CCSD/6-311+G(d,p). The results obtained by the latter method show that H abstraction from a primary Si-H bond and a secondary Si-H bond leads to the formation of n-Si(3)H(7) and i-Si(3)H(7) products, with 3.8 (TS1) and 3.

Emerging functions of force-producing kinetochore motors.

More than two decades of research has resulted in the identification of some 60 microtubule motor proteins, several of which have been implicated in mitosis. Although some kinesin super-family proteins function as microtubule depolymerases at kinetochores, such as Kinesin-8 and -13, it is now appreciated that there are only two force-producing kinetochore associated motors, the plus end-directed microtubule motor CENP-E and the minus end-directed microtubule motor cytoplasmic dynein. Defining their roles at kinetochores has been hampered by the complexity of mitosis itself, and a multiplicity of mitotic roles, at least for cytoplasmic dynein.

Development and application of in vivo molecular traps reveals that dynein light chain occupancy differentially affects dynein-mediated processes.

The ability to rapidly and specifically regulate protein activity combined with in vivo functional assays and/or imaging can provide unique insight into underlying molecular processes. Here we describe the application of chemically induced dimerization of FKBP to create nearly instantaneous high-affinity bivalent ligands capable of sequestering cellular targets from their endogenous partners. We demonstrate the specificity and efficacy of these inducible, dimeric "traps" for the dynein light chains LC8 (Dynll1) and TcTex1 (Dynlt1).

New genetic loci implicated in fasting glucose homeostasis and their impact on type 2 diabetes risk.

Levels of circulating glucose are tightly regulated. To identify new loci influencing glycemic traits, we performed meta-analyses of 21 genome-wide association studies informative for fasting glucose, fasting insulin and indices of beta-cell function (HOMA-B) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in up to 46,186 nondiabetic participants. Follow-up of 25 loci in up to 76,558 additional subjects identified 16 loci associated with fasting glucose and HOMA-B and two loci associated with fasting insulin and HOMA-IR.