Intravascular volumes and the influence on anemia assessed by a carbon monoxide rebreathing method in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis.

Introduction: Fluid overload is a major challenge in hemodialysis patients and might cause hypervolemia. We speculated that hemodialysis patients reaching dry weight could have undetected hypervolemia and low hemoglobin (Hb) concentration (g/dL) due to hemodilution.

Methods: The study included hemodialysis patients (n = 22) and matched healthy controls (n = 22).

Techniques to Assess the Effect of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors on Blood Volume in Patients with Diabetic Kidney Disease.

Background: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors exert a kidney protective effect in patients with diabetic kidney disease. Several mechanisms have been proposed, but why precisely SGLT2 inhibition has a kidney protective effect is incompletely understood. Clinical trials using SGLT2 inhibitors have found them to induce a rapid weight loss likely due to loss of sodium and subsequently fluid.