Thoracic Surgery Outcomes Research Network (ThORN) Consensus Document on Defining a High Quality Wedge Resection for Early Stage Lung Cancer.

With the publication of CALGB 140503, an increase in wedge resections for small, peripheral non-small cell lung cancer is expected; however, a relative paucity of data exists as to what defines a high quality oncologic wedge resection. The Thoracic Surgery Outcomes Research Network (ThORN), through expert discussion, guided by review of what limited data does exist, and through use of a modified Delphi process, provides these consensus statements defining an oncologically sound, high quality wedge resection. The statements are classified into five categories: 1) Preoperative Considerations 2) Technical Aspects 3) Lymph Node Assessment 4) Margin Assessment and 5) Tissue Handling by Pathology.

Disruptive effects of genistein and daidzein on steroidogenesis, testicular development and maturation of Cyprinus carpio (Linn, 1758) males.

A 60-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the combined effect of dietary soy phytoestrogens, specifically genistein and daidzein, on the gonadal recrudescence and maturation of male Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758). Adult male C. carpio (60 ± 10 g) were fed with a diet with no added genistein or daidzein (C), 110 mg/100 mg genistein (GL), 210 mg/100 g genistein (GH), 4 mg/100 g daidzein (DL), 8 mg/100 g daidzein (DH), combination of 110 mg/100 mg genistein and 4 mg/100 g daidzein (DGL, equivalent to 17.

Varying pixel resolution significantly improves deep learning-based carotid plaque histology segmentation.

Carotid plaques-the buildup of cholesterol, calcium, cellular debris, and fibrous tissues in carotid arteries-can rupture, release microemboli into the cerebral vasculature and cause strokes. The likelihood of a plaque rupturing is thought to be associated with its composition (i.e.

Barriers and Facilitators in the Use of Selected Point-of-care Diagnostics in Indian Public Health Programs.

Background: Comprehensive reviews on the use and utility of point-of-care tests (POCs) in public health programs in relation to infectious disease and nutrition are limited. Point-of-care technologies have potential to improve the management of infectious diseases particularly in settings where healthcare infrastructure and timely access to quality medical care are limited.

Methods: We aim to describe POC tests currently used or under evaluation in the Indian national programs for communicable diseases and nutrition, and to identify the barriers and facilitators.

Systematic Review of the Comparative Studies of Image-guided Thermal Ablation, Stereotactic Radiosurgery, and Sublobar Resection for Treatment of High-Risk Patients with Stage I Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

The Clinical Practice Standards Committee of the American Association for Thoracic Surgery assembled an expert panel and conducted a systematic review of the literature detailing studies directly comparing treatment options for high-risk patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A systematic search was performed to identify publications comparing outcomes following image-guided thermal ablation (IGTA), stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR), and sublobar resection-the main treatment options applicable to high-risk patients with stage I NSCLC. There were no publications detailing completed randomized controlled trials comparing these treatment options.

Systematic Review of Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy (SABR)/ Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) for Treatment of High-Risk Patients with Stage I Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) has emerged as an alternative, non-surgical treatment for high-risk patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with increased use over time. The American Association for Thoracic Surgery (AATS) Clinical Practice Standards Committee (CPSC) assembled an expert panel and conducted a systematic review of the literature evaluating the results of SABR, which is also referred to as stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) or stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), prior to developing treatment recommendations for high-risk patients with stage I NSCLC based on expert consensus. Publications detailing the findings of 16 prospective studies of SABR and 14 retrospective studies of SABR for the management of early-stage lung cancer in 54 697 patients were identified by systematic review of the literature with further review by members of our expert panel.

Systematic Review of Sublobar Resection for Treatment of High-Risk Patients with Stage I Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Sublobar resection offers a parenchymal-sparing surgical alternative to lobectomy and includes wedge resection and segmentectomy. Sublobar resection has been historically utilized in high-risk patients with compromised lung function; however, the technique is becoming more prevalent for normal-risk patients with peripheral lung tumors < 2 cm. In this article, we summarize the technique of sublobar resection, the importance of surgical margins and lymph node sampling, patient selection, perioperative complications, outcomes, and the impact of sublobar resection on the quality of life.

Treatment Selection for the High-risk Patient with Stage I Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Sublobar Resection, Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy or Image-guided Thermal Ablation?

Objective: A significant proportion of patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are considered at high risk for complications or mortality after lobectomy. The American Association for Thoracic Surgery (AATS) previously published an expert consensus document detailing important considerations in determining who is at high risk. The current objective was to evaluate treatment options and important factors to consider during treatment selection for these high-risk patients.

Systematic Review of Image-guided Thermal Ablation for Treatment of High-Risk Patients with Stage I Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Image-guided thermal ablation (IGTA) applied to pulmonary pathology is an alternative to surgery in high-risk patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Its application to lung neoplasm was first introduced in 2001 and has been implemented to treat metastatic disease to the lung or in select medically inoperable patients with peripheral stage I NSCLC. IGTA may also be an alternative to treat stage I NSCLC in non-operable patients with interstitial lung disease in whom a radiation modality is deemed too high risk.

The Importance of Pulmonary Nodule Features in the Selection of Treatment for the High-risk Patient with Stage I Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Objective: The American Association for Thoracic Surgery (AATS) Clinical Practice Standards Committee (CPSC) previously published important considerations in determining who is at high risk for complications or mortality after lobectomy. Sublobar resection, stereotactic ablative radiotherapy, or image-guided thermal ablation is typically considered when the risks associated with lobectomy are high. The current objective was to evaluate important lung-nodule-related factors to consider during treatment selection for high-risk patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Navigating from cellular phenotypic screen to clinical candidate: selective targeting of the NLRP3 inflammasome.

The NLRP3 inflammasome plays a pivotal role in host defense and drives inflammation against microbial threats, crystals, and danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Dysregulation of NLRP3 activity is associated with various human diseases, making it an attractive therapeutic target. Patients with NLRP3 mutations suffer from Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndrome (CAPS) emphasizing the clinical significance of modulating NLRP3.

Current Status and Global Research Trend Patterns of Insect Meal in Aquaculture From Scientometric Perspective: (2013-2022).

In the past decade, insect meal has gained popularity in the animal feed industry, particularly in aquafeed, due to rising costs and decreased availability of fish meal (FM) and fish oil. Initially met with skepticism, insect meal is now seen as a promising ingredient because of its high nutrient profile. Research worldwide is exploring its potential as a FM replacement.

Validity of an ICD-10 Coding Algorithm for Acute Heat Illness in the Emergency Department: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Acute heat illness (AHI) from extreme environmental heat exposure can lead to emergency department (ED) visits, hospitalization, and even death. While the ICD ninth revision codes for AHI have been validated in the U.S.

Sensorless End-to-End Freehand Three-dimensional Ultrasound Reconstruction with Physics Guided Deep Learning.

Three-dimensional ultrasound (3D US) imaging with freehand scanning is utilized in cardiac, obstetric, abdominal, and vascular examinations. While 3D US using either a 'wobbler' or 'matrix' transducer suffers from a small field of view and low acquisition rates, freehand scanning offers significant advantages due to its ease of use. However, current 3D US volumetric reconstruction methods with freehand sweeps are limited by imaging plane shifts along the scanning path, i.

Predictors of Discharge With Supplemental Oxygen After Lobectomy for Lung Cancer.

Background: Before lung cancer resection, patients inquire about dyspnea and the potential need for supplemental oxygen. The objective of this study was to identify predictors of discharge with supplemental oxygen for patients undergoing lobectomy for lung cancer.

Methods: Using The Society of Thoracic Surgeons General Thoracic Surgery Database, study investigators conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent lobectomy for lung cancer from July 2018 to December 2021.

Using Data to Improve Healthcare: A Case Study of Pancreatic Enzyme Replacement in Pancreatic Cancer.

Objectives: In the UK, guidelines recommend pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT) to all people with unresectable pancreatic cancer. In 2023, we published a national audit of PERT which showed suboptimal prescribing and wide regional variation in England. The aim of this manuscript was to describe how we used the PERT audit to drive improvements in healthcare.

A Multidisciplinary Curriculum to Standardize Chest Procedures Training for Trainees in General Surgery, Emergency Medicine, and Critical Care.

Introduction: Critical care, emergency medicine, and surgical trainees frequently perform surgical and Seldinger-technique tube thoracostomy, thoracentesis, and thoracic ultrasound. However, approaches to teaching these skills are highly heterogeneous. Over 10 years, we have developed a standardized, multidisciplinary curriculum to teach these procedures.

Primary Extraskeletal Falcine Myxoid Chondrosarcoma-A Case Report and Review of Literature.

Intracranial chondrosarcomas are rare malignant lesions. Both skull base and dural-based extraosseous chondrosarcomas have been reported to occur intracranially. Dural-based chondrosarcomas arising from the falx cerebri are rare lesions with only 19 cases reported till date.

Management of Congenital Hernias in Adults: Foramen of Morgagni Hernia.

Morgagni hernias may range from asymptomatic incidental findings to surgical emergencies. An abdominal approach is ideal in the majority of cases, although surgeons should understand alternatives for repair.

Sepsis during short bowel syndrome hospitalizations: Identifying trends, disparities, and clinical outcomes in the United States.

Background: Short bowel syndrome (SBS) hospitalizations are often complicated with sepsis. There is a significant paucity of data on adult SBS hospitalizations in the United States and across the globe.

Aim: To assess trends and outcomes of SBS hospitalizations complicated by sepsis in the United States.

Induction of trained immunity using β-glucan and its protective responses in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus.

Emerging and re-emerging diseases in fish cause drastic economic losses in the aquaculture sector. To combat the impact of disease outbreaks and prevent the emergence of infections in culture systems, understanding the advanced strategies for protecting fish against infections is inevitable in fish health research. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the induction of trained immunity and its protective efficacy against Streptococcus agalactiae in tilapia.

Genetic Markers of Cardiovascular Disease.

Cardiovascular Disorders (CVDs) are the leading cause mortality in developed as well as developing nations, and has now emerged as one of the leading causes of disability and mortality around the globe. According to the World Health Organization, four out of every five patients with cardiovascular disease die from a myocardial infarction each year. Numerous genes have been linked to coronary artery disease, influencing mechanisms such as blood pressure regulation, lipid metabolism, inflammation, and cardiac activity.

Etiology of diarrheal hospitalizations following rotavirus vaccine implementation and association of enteric pathogens with malnutrition among under-five children in India.

Malnourished children are at higher risk of mortality and morbidity following diarrheal illness and certain enteropathogens have been associated with malnutrition in children. Very few studies have comprehensively looked at the etiology of diarrhea in malnourished children and most have used conventional diagnostic methods with suboptimal sensitivity. We used a highly sensitive molecular approach against a broad range of pathogens causing diarrhea and examined their association with malnutrition.