Developing Topics.

Background: Recent breakthroughs in Quantum Calculus (QC) have given new opportunities for texture analysis. Motivated by QC, QELBP examines subtle variations in grayscale within MRI, which may provide early signs of textural changes associated with AD.

Method: 13500 images were extracted from 150 images (90 slices/patient).

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: This study explores Alzheimer's prediction through brain MRI images, utilizing Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Lime interpretability. Based on an extensive ADNI MRI dataset, we demonstrate promising results in predicting Alzheimer's disease. Local Interpretable Model Agnostic Explanations (LIME) shed light on decision-making processes, enhancing transparency.

Rehabilitation at Home Using Mobile Health for Older Adults Hospitalized for Ischemic Heart Disease: The RESILIENT Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Among older adults with ischemic heart disease, participation in traditional ambulatory cardiac rehabilitation (CR) remains low. While mobile health CR (mHealth-CR) provides a novel opportunity to deliver care, age-specific impairments to technology use may limit uptake, and efficacy data are currently lacking.

Objective: To test whether mHealth-CR improves functional capacity in older adults.

Clinicogenomic landscape of pancreatic adenocarcinoma identifies KRAS mutant dosage as prognostic of overall survival.

Nearly all pancreatic adenocarcinomas (PDAC) are genomically characterized by KRAS exon 2 mutations. Most patients with PDAC present with advanced disease and are treated with cytotoxic therapy. Genomic biomarkers prognostic of disease outcomes have been challenging to identify.

Mechanistic insights into the competitive inhibition of enzyme-mimetic activity of gold nanoparticles for dual mode colorimetric and fluorescence detection of biothiols.

In this work, the interaction behaviour of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with o-phenylenediamine (OPD) was studied to ascertain the nanozyme-substrate interaction. The UV-Vis absorption, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and zeta potential analysis revealed that the electron-rich nitrogen atoms in OPD showed a stronger affinity toward electron-deficient surface, indicating a stronger interaction between nanozyme and substrate molecules. Subsequently, under optimum conditions, AuNPs are used as nanozyme to catalyze the oxidation of OPD in the presence of HO.

Neuroinflammatory pathways and potential therapeutic targets in neonatal post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus.

Background: Post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) is a severe complication in premature infants following intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). It is characterized by abnormal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) accumulation, disrupted CSF dynamics, and elevated intracranial pressure (ICP), leading to significant neurological impairments.

Objective: This review provides an overview of recent molecular insights into the pathophysiology of PHH and evaluates emerging therapeutic approaches aimed at addressing its underlying mechanisms.

Impact of Financial Toxicity on Treatment Adherence and Quality of Life in Pancreatic Cancer.

Purpose: Financial toxicity (FT) is increasingly recognized as a major issue in cancer care. We evaluated the prevalence and risk factors for FT in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and FT associations with treatment adherence and quality of life (QOL).

Methods: A screening questionnaire based on the Comprehensive Score for Financial Toxicity (COST) was implemented at our National Cancer Institute-designated comprehensive cancer center.

Correlations of Anthropometric Measurements With Body Fat Percentage, Fat Mass, and Fat Mass Index in School-Age Children.

Background: Childhood obesity is a growing public health issue globally, including in India. Anthropometric measures such as body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and skinfold thickness are commonly used to estimate body fat percentage (BF%), but their correlations with fat mass (FM) and fat mass index (FMI) are less emphasized. This study aimed to explore the relationships between anthropometric measurements and body fat indicators (BF%, FM, and FMI) in school-age children and obtain prediction equations for FM and FMI.

SOHO State of the Art Updates and Next Questions | Impact of Biologic Markers on Outcomes With Novel Therapy in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia.

Treatment of CLL has changed remarkably in the last decade and novel agents are the standard therapy in various jurisdictions. However, the biology of CLL still plays an important part in the treatment choice and disease outcomes. In this post chemo-immunotherapy era for CLL, number of biological factors have lost their clinical significance and most patients will benefit from continuous or time-limited therapy.

Procalcitonin-guided antimicrobial stewardship in critically ill patients with sepsis: A pre- post interventional study.

Aim: Injudicious usage of antibiotics has led to the emergence of antibiotic resistance which is a major health-care problem in developing countries such as India. Our aim was to show how antibiotic therapy based on serial procalcitonin (PCT) assay can help in antibiotic de-escalation in septic patients.

Materials And Methods: A pre-post interventional study was conducted among 300 septic patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU).

Minimal Stimulus Strategy in Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo: Its Application in a Resource Limited Setting.

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most common cause for vertigo. It is diagnosed by the characteristic nystagmus induced by provocative positional tests. During these positional tests the patient experiences spinning vertigo and neurovegetative symptoms such as nausea and vomiting.

Haemoprotozoan and haemorickettsial carrier status in pet and community owned dogs of south India.

The increasing population of dogs and changes in the climatic conditions have resulted in the emergence and re-emergence of vector-borne diseases in canines. These vectors borne diseases in canines pose a diagnostic challenge to the field veterinarians because of co-infections with several pathogens. Comprehensive data on the prevalence of haemoparasites and haemorickettsiales in pet and community owned dogs from south India are scant.

MIC trends of vancomycin and teicoplanin among methicillin resistant CoNS isolates from new born blood cultures in a tertiary care centre in Southern India.

Background And Objectives: Coagulase-negative-Staphylococci (CoNS) are important etiological agent of bacteraemia in newborn babies. Methicillin resistant CoNS infections have only limited treatment options. The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Methicillin Resistant CoNS isolates from newborn blood cultures was studied with special reference to MICs of Vancomycin and Teicoplanin.

Evaluating the Risk of Traumatic Brain Injury in Adults Following a Fall With Concomitant Use of Anti-Coagulation: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Introduction Falls and fractures are major health challenges for older adults in England. Despite the advantages of anticoagulants, their use in the elderly is often restricted due to concerns about fall-related injuries. However, there is a lack of clear data on the risk of discontinuing anticoagulation therapy solely due to fall risk.

Molecular detection and characterisation of species in community owned dogs of Kerala, a South Indian State.

Haemotropic mycoplasmas (haemoplasmas) are obligate epierythrocytic bacteria that infect a wide range of vertebrate hosts. The molecular characterisation of  organisms in dogs has not previously been attempted from India. Hence, in the present study, the molecular characterisation of  spp.

The integral co-management role of the medical pediatric urologist: Improving the care of children with urological conditions.

Introduction: The complexities of modern medicine prompt a re-evaluation of traditional patient care models to enhance safety and quality. We implemented a one-year pilot Medical Pediatric Urology fellowship, jointly developed by Urology and Pediatric Hospital Medicine, where a pediatrician received postgraduate training in both specialties. This innovative program aimed to augment knowledge and expertise in non-surgical aspects of pediatric urology.

Approaches towards pragmatic language assessment in Indian pre-schoolers: A survey among speech-language pathologists.

Background: Pragmatic language assessment in children is performed in line with standard protocols, guidelines, and best practices. The absence of these aspects in the Indian context has resulted in the quest to explore the approaches used by speech-language pathologists (SLPs) to assess pragmatic language impairments. This survey explored the current practices of SLPs towards the assessment of pragmatic language among preschool children in India.

Treatment Outcome Post Endoscopic Sinus Surgery(ESS) in Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS).

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is one of the most prevalent conditions in medicine causing a considerable amount of healthcare expenditure. This study was performed to clinically diagnose chronic rhinosinusitis with or without polyps and to measure the intensity of patients' symptoms and treatment outcomes. This was a prospective cohort study, which included 70 patients diagnosed with CRS according to the EPOS-2012 and were given SNOT-22 questionnaire preoperatively, which was repeated on 1st, 4 and 12th weeks post-op to determine the treatment outcome.

Effectiveness of jigsaw puzzle assisted visual reinforcement technique on toothbrushing knowledge, practices and clinical parameters of hearing and speech-impaired adolescents: A single-blind randomized controlled trial.

Background: Oral health education (OHE) for hearing and speech-impaired (HSI) adolescents relies heavily on sign language. However, it is not effective in conveying oral health concepts due to communication barriers, resulting in suboptimal oral health outcomes. This study aims to evaluate the impact of the jigsaw puzzle assisted visual reinforcement (JPVR) technique on toothbrushing knowledge, practices, and clinical parameters among HSI adolescents.

Project Vayoraksha: Implementation of novel mHealth technology for healthcare delivery during COVID-19 in geriatric population of Kerala.

Background & objectives mHealth technologies, with their potential in improving public health, have recently gained considerable interest in India, offering an opportunity to deliver tailored and low cost interventions to the selected populations, especially in resource-poor settings. Project Vayoraksha aimed at developing and pilot testing mHealth technology-assisted strategies (Vayoraksha mobile application and field Vayoraksha network) to improve healthcare delivery and reverse quarantine at the field level among the geriatric population. Methods This field operational research study was implemented in Pathanamthitta, Kerala, from October 2020 to July 2021.