The Effects of Slaughter Methods and Drying Temperatures on the Protein Hydrolysis of Black Soldier Fly Larvae Meal.

In recent years, the potential of insects as a sustainable protein alternative to feed the growing world population has been explored. Differences in the ways insects are processed can affect their proximate composition and digestibility. This work studied the effects of the combination of different types of slaughter methods and drying temperatures on the proximate composition, organic matter digestibility (OMd), hydrolysis degree (DH/NH and DH/100 g DM), total hydrolysis (TH), and hygienic and sanitary characteristics of BSFL (black soldier fly larvae) meal.

Microbial-induced MnO precipitation in a carbonate coastal aquifer.

A study was carried out to identify biogeochemical reactions along a transect of a coastal dolomitic aquifer. In this transect, the physicochemical parameters of the groundwater as well as the microbial composition of samples taken at different depths and salinities were measured. Many of the dissolved ions measured in the groundwater follow a pattern that reflects the distribution of the water masses (fresh, interface and salt) in the aquifer, while others such as Ca and Mg ions deviate from this trend by identifying the zones of maximum dissolution of the carbonate matrix.

Evaluation of In Vitro Protein Hydrolysis in Seven Insects Approved by the EU for Use as a Protein Alternative in Aquaculture.

Rapid population growth is leading to an increase in the demand for high-quality protein such as fish, which has led to a large increase in aquaculture. However, fish feed is dependent on fishmeal. It is necessary to explore more sustainable protein alternatives that can meet the needs of fish.

Magnetite-based nanoparticles and nanocomposites for recovery of overloaded anaerobic digesters.

The effect of magnetite nanoparticles and nanocomposites (magnetite nanoparticles impregnated into graphene oxide) supplement on the recovery of overloaded laboratory batch anaerobic reactors was assessed using two types of starting inoculum: anaerobic granular sludge (GS) and flocculent sludge (FS). Both nanomaterials recovered methane production at a dose of 0.27 g/L within 40 days in GS.

Pre-Treatment of Fish By-Products to Optimize Feeding of L. Larvae.

Fish discards are organic waste with high and good-quality protein levels, as well as a fatty acid profile rich in -3 LCPUFAs, mainly eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. These discards can be used as food for (Linnaeus, 1758) larvae, thus increasing the nutritional value of this insect. This study focused on increasing larval acceptance of fish through different pre-treatments of the diets provided, as well as increasing the accumulation of EPA and DHA in fish-fed larvae.

Position statement of the Latin American Dysphagia Society for the management of oropharyngeal and esophageal dysphagia during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction: The SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes the COVID-19 disease is transmitted through the inhalation of droplets or aerosols and inoculation via the oronasal or ocular routes, transforming the management of swallowing disorders into a challenge for healthcare teams, given their proximity to the aerodigestive tract and the high probability of aerosol generation during patient evaluation and treatment.

Aim: To provide essential guidance for Latin American multidisciplinary teams, regarding the evaluation and treatment of oropharyngeal and esophageal dysphagia, at the different levels of healthcare. The position statement was formulated for the purpose of maintaining medical service continuity, in the context of a pandemic, and minimizing the propagation and infection risks of the virus.

Effect on Intermediary Metabolism and Digestive Parameters of the High Substitution of Fishmeal with Insect Meal in Feed.

and were tested on account of their potential to replace fish protein in feed. Two levels of replacement for , 30% and 50% (H30 and H50), and one for , 50% (T50), as well as an additional diet with a modified fatty acid fraction (H50M), were investigated in relation to juvenile growth indices, enzyme activities and gut microbiome. A T50 diet showed similar results to a control (C) diet, with no significant differences regarding morphological indices and minor differences for nutritional indices.

[Position statement of the Latin American Dysphagia Society for the management of oropharyngeal and esophageal dysphagia during the COVID-19 pandemic].

Introduction: The SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes the COVID-19 disease is transmitted through the inhalation of droplets or aerosols and inoculation via the oronasal or ocular routes, transforming the management of swallowing disorders into a challenge for healthcare teams, given their proximity to the aerodigestive tract and the high probability of aerosol generation during patient evaluation and treatment.

Aim: To provide essential guidance for Latin American multidisciplinary teams, regarding the evaluation and treatment of oropharyngeal and esophageal dysphagia, at the different levels of healthcare. The position statement was formulated for the purpose of maintaining medical service continuity, in the context of a pandemic, and minimizing the propagation and infection risks of the virus.

Sustained effect of zero-valent iron nanoparticles under semi-continuous anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge: Evolution of nanoparticles and microbial community dynamics.

The effects of adding zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI) on the physicochemical, biological and biochemical responses of a semi-continuous anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge have been assessed. Two sets of consecutive experiments of 103 and 116 days, respectively, were carried out in triplicate. nZVI were magnetically retained in the reactors, and the effect of punctual doses (from 0.

Adding value to home compost: Biopesticide properties through Bacillus thuringiensis inoculation.

Home and community composting are considered potential tools for the self-management of organic waste. The production of added value products from biowaste is an encouraging step further to valorise this waste stream. To increase the profits of homemade compost, this paper presents a strategy to produce enriched home compost with biopesticide properties through a simple and low-cost process.

Fidelity of Implementation of Prospera Digital: Evaluation of a Multi-Site Intervention Aimed at Improving Maternal Health Outcomes in Mexico.

Background: Infrastructure and human capital limitations motivate the design of programs, but their large-scale implementation may be challenging in a development context. Prospera Digital (PD) is a pilot intervention aiming to improve maternal and child health and nutrition designed as a randomized controlled trial with 3 treatment arms. It was implemented during 2015-2017 in 326 treatment clinics located in 5 states in Mexico.

[Normal swallowing spectographic profile in adults].

Introduction: the digital cervical auscultation proposes the spectral identification of sound, including the physical-acoustic phenomenon of normal swallowing processes. For this reason, the evaluative aspects of cervical auscultation are based on the structuring of a spectrographic profile by sections, defined according to the physiological achievement in pharyngeal phase. Method: we use the electronic stethoscope, Littman® model 3200, positioned at point 11 of the neck, which will allow us to make way for the spectrographic analysis procedures in conjunction with the StethAssist software.

Towards a competitive solid state fermentation: Cellulases production from coffee husk by sequential batch operation and role of microbial diversity.

The cost of cellulases is the main bottleneck for bioethanol production at commercial scale. Solid-state fermentation (SSF) is a promising technology that can potentially reduce cellulases cost by using wastes as substrates. In this work, a SSF system of 4.

Biodiversity and succession of mycobiota associated to agricultural lignocellulosic waste-based composting.

A comprehensive characterization of the culturable mycobiota associated to all stages of lignocellulose-based composting was achieved. A total of 77 different isolates were detected, 69 of which were identified on the basis of the 5.8-ITS region sequencing.

Enhanced turnover of organic matter fractions by microbial stimulation during lignocellulosic waste composting.

Enhanced organic matter turnover was detected in lignocellulosic composting piles inoculated with microorganisms specifically capable of decomposing polymeric compounds. In comparison to uninoculated piles, the following results were obtained in the inoculated piles: degradation of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin were 28%, 21% and 25% respectively higher. Total organic matter, total sugars and phenolic compounds also decreased more intensely.

Dynamics of bacterial microbiota during lignocellulosic waste composting: Studies upon its structure, functionality and biodiversity.

An intensive isolation program carried out in three replicated composting piles allowed the identification of the resident and transient components of the composting microbiome. More than 4000 bacterial strains were isolated, enzymatically characterized and identified by partial sequencing of their 16S rRNA gene. While microorganisms isolated under mesophilic conditions were prominent throughout the process, thermophilic stages gathered the highest total counts and spore-forming bacteria prevailed at the bio-oxidative phase of composting.

Enzymatic characterization of microbial isolates from lignocellulose waste composting: chronological evolution.

Successful composting is dependent upon microbial performance. An interdependent relationship is established between environmental and nutritional properties that rule the process and characteristics of the dominant microbial communities. To reach a better understanding of this relationship, the dynamics of major metabolic activities associated with cultivable isolates according to composting phases were evaluated.

Exploiting composting biodiversity: study of the persistent and biotechnologically relevant microorganisms from lignocellulose-based composting.

The composting ecosystem is a suitable source for the discovery of novel microorganisms and secondary metabolites. This work analyzes the identity of microbial community that persists throughout lignocellulose-based composting, evaluates their metabolic activities and studies the capability of selected isolates for composting bioaugmentation. Bacterial species of the phyla Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria and fungi of the phylum Ascomycota were ubiquitous throughout the composting.

Evolution of enzymatic activities and carbon fractions throughout composting of plant waste.

Many alternatives for the proper disposal of horticultural plant wastes have been studied, and composting is one of the most attractive due to its insignificant environmental impact and low cost. The quality of compost for agronomical use is related to the degree of organic matter maturation and stabilization. Traditional parameters as well as temperature, ratio C/N, cationic exchange capacity, extractable carbon, or evolution of humificated substances have been successfully used to assess compost maturity and stability.

Tracking organic matter and microbiota dynamics during the stages of lignocellulosic waste composting.

The dynamics of biologically meaningful soluble and polymeric carbon fractions and the combined relationships between physical, chemical and biological parameters during composting of lignocellulosic waste were evaluated. The first thermophilic stage is crucial in determining the further evolution of soluble and polymeric carbon fractions but the dynamics of carbon is still important at the maturation stage. Multivariate data analysis showed that not only are all parameters interrelated but also influence one another's variability.

Ecotoxicity and fungal deterioration of recycled polypropylene/wood composites: effect of wood content and coupling.

Recycled polypropylene (rPP) was recovered from an industrial shredder and composites were prepared with a relatively wide range of wood content and with two coupling agents, a maleated PP (MAPP) and a maleated ethylene-propylene-diene elastomer (MAEPDM). The mechanical properties of the composites showed that the coupling agents change structure only slightly, but interfacial adhesion quite drastically. The durability of the materials was determined by exposing them to a range of fungi and, ecotoxicity was studied on the aquatic organism Vibrio fischeri.

Compost as a source of microbial isolates for the bioremediation of heavy metals: in vitro selection.

Heavy metal pollution has become a major environmental concern nowadays and the bioremediation of polluted habitats is an increasingly popular strategy due to both its efficiency and safety. A screening and selection protocol based on different composting processes was designed in order to isolate heavy metal-resistant microorganisms. A collection of 51 microorganisms was obtained and most of them showed the capability to tolerate heavy metals in multi-polluted aqueous systems (Cd(II), Cr(VI), Ni, Pb, Zn(II)), as well as to remove them.

Microbial population dynamics and enzyme activities in composting processes with different starting materials.

A biological comparison based on differences in the starting material for composting processes was made. Mesophilic aerobic microbiota, fungi, actinomycetes and hemicellulolytic microorganisms reached significantly higher levels in the MSW final product. The population of cellulolytic microorganisms did not show a clear trend, although it was more numerous in the HW piles.

Evolution of the pathogen content during co-composting of winery and distillery wastes.

The aim of this study was to monitor some microbial indicators and pathogen contents (sulphite reducers clostridia, total enterobacteriaceae, total coliforms, faecal coliforms (Escherichia coli), enterococci, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella spp.) throughout the co-composting of wastes from the winery and distillery industry with other organic residues, as well as the effect of the composting system used. Seven different piles using mixtures of winery-distillery wastes with other organic materials were prepared.