Hereditary angioedema: Patient journey approach in Mexico.

Objective: To understand the patient's journey with HAE from symptom initiation to diagnosis, treatment allocation, follow-up, and the impact of the disease on their quality of life in Mexico.

Methods: A survey was administered to the patients with HAE. Participants completed a questionnaire covering five domains: patient journey; effects on productivity, school performance and daily activities; quality of life; anxiety and depression.

[Autoimmunity in chronic urticaria. A historical and current perspective].

Chronic spontaneous urticaria is a condition that persists for more than six weeks, it occurs in the absence of an identifiable triggering factor and from the pathogenic activation of mast cells and basophils. The possibility of autoimmune etiology in up to 40 % of patients is presented, followed by subclinical infections and psychological factors. Two main mechanisms of the pathogenesis of chronic urticaria have been proposed: the former is the dysregulation of intracellular signaling pathways within mast cells and basophils, which leads to defects in the traffic or function of these cells.

Erratum to "Partial and Transient Clinical Response to Omalizumab in IL-21-Induced Low STAT3-Phosphorylation on Hyper-IgE Syndrome".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2019/6357256.].

The Effects of Alternate-Day Corticosteroids in Autoimmune Disease Patients.

Introduction: Several studiesdemonstrated that the use of alternate-day corticosteroid therapy maintains control of autoimmune diseases due to the prolongation of their therapeutic effect beyond their metabolic effect, with a significant decrease in side effects in patients. For this reason, the current recommendation for the use of these medications is in a short cycle to avoid adverse effects when used frequently and for prolonged periods of time.

Objectives: To learn variations in serum levels of autoantibodies in autoimmune diseases treated with steroids on alternate days, as well as whether there are differences in the response to them depending on the type of disease.

Partial and Transient Clinical Response to Omalizumab in IL-21-Induced Low STAT3-Phosphorylation on Hyper-IgE Syndrome.

Hyper-IgE syndrome (HIES) is a rare primary immunodeficiency characterized by elevated levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE), eczematous dermatitis, cold abscesses, and recurrent infections of the lung and skin caused by . The dominant form is characterized by nonimmunologic features including skeletal, connective tissue, and pulmonary abnormalities in addition to recurrent infections and eczema. Omalizumab is a humanized recombinant monoclonal antibody against IgE.

Dialyzable Leukocyte Extract (Transferon™) Administration in Sepsis: Experience from a Single Referral Pediatric Intensive Care Unit.

Immunomodulatory agents have been proposed as therapeutic candidates to improve outcomes in sepsis. Transferon™, a dialyzable leukocyte extract (DLE), has been supported in Mexico as an immunomodulatory adjuvant in anti-infectious therapy. Here we present a retrospective study describing the experience of a referral pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with Transferon™ in sepsis.

[Immunopathology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common, preventable and treatable condition that has a complex pathophysiology and an even more complex immunopathological process. The purpose of this review was to analyze COPD immunopathological aspects, which was addressed by undertaking a literature search for the most relevant documents indexed in the PubMed database over the last 10 years. Different conclusions could be drawn: in COPD immunopathology there are immune and non-immune inflammatory changes with oxidative stress imbalance, there are alterations in the protease/anti-protease ratio caused by direct and indirect genetic and epigenetic-environmental defects; COPD produces irreversible tissue damage and chronic inflammation with tissue repair alteration, which induces chronic obstruction of the airway, bronchitis and systemic damage.

[Good's syndrome. Report of case].

Background: Good's syndrome is an association of thymoma and immunodeficiency. The symptoms are recurrent sinopulmonary infections in addition to the compressive side of thymoma. A laboratory finding is notable for the absence or decrease of B lymphocytes, hypogammaglobulinemia, inversion ratio CD4/CD8 and abnormal proliferative response to mitogens.

[Cancer as secondary immunodeficiency. Review].

Secondary immunodeficiencys, previously presented in immunocompetent individuals. The lack of primary or secondary response to the presence of a foreign antigen, in the case of infections is a sentinel data in the diagnosis of immunodeficiency (can be primary or secondary), in the case of a self antigen may generate the presence of Cancer. Cancer has shown an increase in the prevalence and incidence globally.

[Systemic lupus erythematous and CD24v].

Background: Systemic lupus erythematous is an autoimmune disease of multifactorial etiology with genetic predisposition. Its pathogenesis involved more than 100 genes. CD24 gene can mediate various functions such as their costimulatory activity in the clonal expansion of T cells.

[Prevalence of intolerance to salicylates in patients with nasal polyposis].

Background: Salicylates intolerance is related to alteration in the metabolism of arachidonic acid leading to increased leukotrienes. The condition may be manifested with respiratory, skin or systemic symptoms or associated with sinonasal polyposis. Salicylates are present in anti-inflammatory drugs, cosmetics products and food.

[Infection due to Mycobacterium bovis in common variable immunodeficiency].

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is an heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by impaired antibody production. It shows a wide spectrum of manifestations including severe and recurrent respiratory infections (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus) and gastrointestinal (Campylobacter jejuni, rotavirus and Giardia lamblia). Viral infections caused by herpes zoster, cytomegalovirus (CMV) and hepatitis C are rare.

[Pulmonary age-chronological age relation as indicator of improvement and severity of patients with bronchial asthma].

Background: Spirometry is a very useful clinical test to evaluate pulmonary function in asthmatic patients. However, pulmonary function could be affected by the sex, time of clinical evolution, lung age (LA) and chronological age (CA).

Objective: To evaluate LA/CA as index of clinical improvement or severity in asthmatic patients.

[Eosinophilic gastroenteritis].

The eosinophilic gastroenteritis is a disease of unknown etiopathogenesis and rare presentation, with several clinical symptoms, ranging from mild episodes until nonspecific abdominal acute episodes of intestinal obstruction, which some times make it necessary urgent surgical treatment. This wide symptomatic range seems to be conditioned by the degree of eosinophilic infiltration of the intestinal wall and the number of layers involved. This paper reports the case of a patient who, due to the diagnosis difficulties, illustrates in a single patient the intestinal and respiratory anatomo-clinical diversity and the evolution of the eosinophilia both intestinal and peripheral.

Detection of inheritance pattern in thirty-three Mexican males with chronic granulomatous disease through 123 dihydrorhodamine assay.

Background: There are two inheritance patterns, the X-linked recessive (XL) pattern and the autosomal recessive pattern. There is no information on the predominant inheritance pattern of male patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) in Mexico.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the inheritance pattern in a cohort of Mexican male patients with CGD by means of the detection of an XL status carrier among their female relatives, and to describe the frequency of discoid lupus (DL) among carriers.

[Levels of CD4+ and FOXP3+ lymphocytes in patients with allergic rhinitis].

Background: Allergic rinitis is the more common allergic disease, affecting to 25% of general population. Otitis media, sinusitis and other complications result from not controlled allergic rinitis. It has been reported that a low expression of FOXP3 marker on lymphocytes is associated with allergic diseases, and that allergen immunotherapy increases its synthesis.

Clinical and immunological features of common variable immunodeficiency in Mexican patients.

Background: Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is characterised by hypogammaglobulinaemia and a broad clinical spectrum, mainly showing recurrent bacterial infections accompanied sometimes by increased susceptibility to chronic lung disease, autoimmunity, and neoplastic diseases.

Objectives: To evaluate the clinical and immunological characteristics of patients with CVID in Mexico.

Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of 43 patients with CVID from the Immunology Division of seven different reference centres in Mexico.

[An overview of primary immunodeficiency in Mexico].

Primary immunodeficiencies are rare immunologic diseases whose main characteristics are recurrent infections. These diseases are frequently unsuspected and the delayed diagnosis makes complications irreversible with the consequent poor quality of life. In Mexico, primary immunodeficiencies have a low prevalence, which is secondary to under-diagnosis and the lack of specialized laboratory studies in most hospitals.

[Use of pentoxifylline in pediatric patients with grade IV (OMS) lupus nephropathy who have received multiple treatments].

Aims: Systemic Lupus Eritematosus is an autoimmune disease, the incidence in pediatric poblation in about 5%, and until 90% develop nephropathy.

Material And Method: Included patients with lupic nephropathy grade IV (OMS) ages between 0 and 16 years old, multitreated, who administrated PTX. We take samples before treatment, during, and 4 month after, evaluating renal function and hepatic function.

[Clinical polymorphism in Epstein-Barr virus infection].

Several diseases was associated with Epstein Barr virus (EBV) infection. In the next three cases, the clinical course was unusual . Case I: Polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia, female 47 years old, she had systemic lupus erythematosus and clinical data of infectious mononucleosis but she evolved to a polyclonal gammopathy with IgM predominantly against EBV.

[Vasculitis and viral infection].

Viruses have been implicated in vasculitis. To determine activity of viral infection associated with vasculitis. 17 patients with vasculitis had been in immunological and antiviral antibodies evaluation.

[Hyperprolactinemia and autoimmunity].

Prolactin is a pituitary hormone with several functions, one of them, immunoregulatory. Patients with prolactinoma develop hyperprolactinemia. In the next two cases, patients with microprolactinoma, both autoimmune disease associated.

[Multiple sclerosis].

Multiple sclerosis, a neurological problem in which mechanisms of autoimmunity and immunodeficiency may cause damage appears with a variable range of immune response. In this paper we classify in three grate subgroups the alterations observed in our patients: Type I: specific defect of immune response; Type II: immunodeficiency with autoimmune responses; Type III: mixed responses: autoimmunity with specific defect of immune response and increased cytotoxicity. A rational explanation about the various immunological changes emerged from comprehension of these mechanisms of response and following these hypothesis we propose an immunological classification of multiple sclerosis in other to reach more effective therapeutic goals.