Nursing Honeybee Behavior and Sensorial-Related Genes Are Altered by Deformed Wing Virus Variant A.

Insect behavior is coordinated mainly by smell through the diverse odor-binding proteins (OBP) that allow them to identify and recognize their environment. Sensory information collected through smell is then analyzed and interpreted in the brain, allowing for correct insect functioning. The behavior of honeybees ( L.

Use of to Control Root Rot Disease Caused by var. in Industrial Chicory ( var. Bisch.).

var. is a recurrent pathogen causing root rot in industrial chicory. Currently, there is no chemical or varietal control for this disease, and thus, management strategies need to be developed.

Indigenous Yeasts for the Biocontrol of on Table Grapes in Chile.

One hundred twenty-five yeast strains isolated from table grapes and apples were evaluated for the control of in vitro and in vivo. Ten strains were selected for their ability to inhibit mycelial growth of in vitro. In the in vivo assays, these yeasts were tested at 20 °C on 'Thompson Seedless' berries for 7 days; only three were selected (m11, me99 and ca80) because they significantly reduced the incidence of gray mold.

Dietary Supplement of Grape Wastes Enhances Honeybee Immune System and Reduces Deformed Wing Virus (DWV) Load.

Ingredients rich in phenolic compounds and antioxidants of winemaking wastes, which play an important role in the prevention of various diseases and the control of viruses, are being explored. Currently, there is a concern about honeybee population loss, with deformed wing virus (DWV) being the most common virus infecting apiaries and one of the main causes of honeybee decline. Hence, the effect of grape pomace powder (GPP) as a dietary supplement to enhance the immune system of honeybees affected by DWV was evaluated.

Next Generation Ingredients Based on Winemaking By-Products and an Approaching to Antiviral Properties.

Management of waste and use of winemaking by-products plays an important role in the development of new ingredients, especially with antiviral properties. Although the richness of bioactive compounds from wine waste is known, less is known about potential antiviral action. Bioactive compounds and health-enhancing effects of winery by-products make them potential candidates for use in antiviral ingredients.

Variant A of the Deformed Wings Virus Alters the Olfactory Sensitivity and the Expression of Odorant Binding Proteins on Antennas of .

Insects have a highly sensitive sense of smell, allowing them to perform complex behaviors, such as foraging and peer recognition. Their sense of smell is based on the recognition of ligands and is mainly coordinated by odorant-binding proteins (OBPs). In , behavior can be affected by different pathogens, including deformed wing virus (DWV) and its variants.

Impact of Mixed Infections of Gut Parasites and on the Lifespan and Immune-related Biomarkers in .

currently appears to be the predominant trypanosome in honey bees worldwide. Although, the specific effects of by single or mixed with other gut parasites such as on honey bees' health is still unclear. We consequently measured bees' survival, parasite loads, the expression of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and vitellogenin gene.

PCR-specific detection of recently described Lotmaria passim (Trypanosomatidae) in Chilean apiaries.

The recently described trypanosome Lotmaria passim is currently considered the most predominant trypanosomatid in honey bees worldwide and could be a factor in honey bee declines. For a specific and quick detection of this pathogen, we developed primers based on the SSU rRNA and gGAPDH genes for the detection of L. passim in Chilean honey beehives.

Efficient double-stranded RNA production methods for utilization in plant virus control.

Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is an inducer molecule of the RNA silencing (RNA interference, RNAi) pathway that is present in all higher eukaryotes and controls gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. This mechanism allows the cell to recognize aberrant genetic material in a highly sequence specific manner. This ultimately leads to degradation of the homologous target sequence, rendering the plant cell resistant to subcellular pathogens.

Transient expression of homologous hairpin RNA interferes with PVY transmission by aphids.

Hairpin RNAs have been used to confer resistance to viruses in plants through RNA silencing. However, it has not been demonstrated that RNA silencing was effective against inoculation by aphids of non-persistently transmitted viruses, the major route of plant virus spread in nature. As a proof-of-principle strategy, we made use of Agrobacterium tumefaciens to transiently express a hairpin RNA homologous to Potato virus Y (PVY) in plant tissues.

Crude extracts of bacterially expressed dsRNA can be used to protect plants against virus infections.

Background: Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is a potent initiator of gene silencing in a diverse group of organisms that includes plants, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila and mammals. We have previously shown and patented that mechanical inoculation of in vitro-transcribed dsRNA derived from viral sequences specifically prevents virus infection in plants. The approach required the in vitro synthesis of large amounts of RNA involving high cost and considerable labour.