Is arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal addition beneficial to potato systems? A meta-analysis.

The application of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi has been reported to confer multiple agronomic benefits to crop plants including cereals, vegetables, and fruit trees, as well as to improve soil structure and health. In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis to investigate whether AM fungal addition enhances potato yield. We further examined whether several experimental conditions (type of experiment, inoculation method, and source of AM fungi) and potato cultivar may explain the outcomes.

Bioinspired Synthesis of (-)-Hunterine A: Deciphering the Key Step in the Biogenetic Pathway.

A concise, bioinspired, and enantioselective synthesis of (-)-hunterine A, an odd 6/7/6/6/5 pentacyclic natural product, is described. The key step in the synthesis of this complex structure is an interim-template directed 6-exo selective epoxide ring-opening reaction, which is interwoven with a hydrolysis step of the indolenine hemiaminal template to create the unusual 7-membered azepine bridge motif. Our work not only refines the previously proposed biogenetic pathway, but also reveals the possible stereochemical prerequisite of the unique skeletal rearrangement, which provides a vantage point for understanding how (-)-hunterine A is likely to be generated in nature.

An internet-delivered acceptance and commitment therapy program for anxious affect, depression, and wellbeing: A randomized, parallel, two-group, waitlist-controlled trial in a Middle Eastern sample of college students.

Background: College students during the young adult years are at elevated risk for the development of anxiety and depressive difficulties. Moreover, a preliminary body of evidence suggests that, for those who reside in Middle Eastern contexts, despite an established need, sociocultural impediments prevent active psychological help-seeking. Internet-delivered, self-directed mental health programs may hold significant promise to alleviate these difficulties in contexts where individuals would otherwise not enlist the support of a mental health practitioner.

Targeting a key protein-protein interaction surface on mitogen-activated protein kinases by a precision-guided warhead scaffold.

For mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) a shallow surface-distinct from the substrate binding pocket-called the D(ocking)-groove governs partner protein binding. Screening of broad range of Michael acceptor compounds identified a double-activated, sterically crowded cyclohexenone moiety as a promising scaffold. We show that compounds bearing this structurally complex chiral warhead are able to target the conserved MAPK D-groove cysteine via reversible covalent modification and interfere with the protein-protein interactions of MAPKs.

Validating the Fluctuating Mental Status Evaluation in Neurocritically Ill Patients With Acute Stroke.

Objectives: Neurocritically ill patients are at high risk for developing delirium, which can worsen the long-term outcomes of this vulnerable population. However, existing delirium assessment tools do not account for neurologic deficits that often interfere with conventional testing and are therefore unreliable in neurocritically ill patients. We aimed to determine the accuracy and predictive validity of the Fluctuating Mental Status Evaluation (FMSE), a novel delirium screening tool developed specifically for neurocritically ill patients.

Fast-twitch myofibrils grow in proportion to Mylpf dosage in the zebrafish embryo.

Muscle cells become stronger by expanding myofibrils, the chains of sarcomeres that produce contraction. Here we investigate how Mylpf (Myosin Light Chain Phosphorylatable Fast) abundance impacts myofibril assembly in fast-twitch muscle. The two zebrafish Mylpf genes ( and ) are exclusively expressed in fast-twitch muscle.

Common threads: Altered interoceptive processes across affective and anxiety disorders.

There is growing attention towards atypical brain-body interactions and interoceptive processes and their potential role in psychiatric conditions, including affective and anxiety disorders. This paper aims to synthesize recent developments in this field. We present emerging explanatory models and focus on brain-body coupling and modulations of the underlying neurocircuitry that support the concept of a continuum of affective disorders.

Respiratory syncytial virus infection provides protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus challenge.

Unlabelled: Respiratory infections are a major health burden worldwide. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is among the leading causes of hospitalization in both young children and older adults. The onset of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic and the public health response had a profound impact on the normal seasonal outbreaks of other respiratory viruses.

Orientational ordering and correlation in quasi-one-dimensional hard-body fluids due to close-packing degeneracy.

We study the orientational ordering properties of some quasi-one-dimensional hard-body fluids, where the anisotropic particles are confined to a straight line, while they are free to rotate in a plane. We examine a class of models where the close-packing structure is degenerate, i.e.

Mental health promotion and the positive concept of health: Navigating dilemmas.

A prevailing view holds that the main goal of mental health promotion is to maintain and improve positive mental health, which is not merely defined by the absence of mental disorders, but by the presence of certain abilities. There are, however, challenges associated with this view that this paper aims to identify and explore. We start by highlighting three requirements for an ethically and politically justified mental health promotion scheme: (i) using a positive concept of mental health that (ii) respects the neutrality principle while (iii) not being overly permissive.

The socioeconomic impact of cancer on patients and their relatives: Organisation of European Cancer Institutes task force consensus recommendations on conceptual framework, taxonomy, and research directions.

Loss of income and out-of-pocket expenditures are important causes of financial hardship in many patients with cancer, even in high-income countries. The far-reaching consequences extend beyond the patients themselves to their relatives, including caregivers and dependents. European research to date has been limited and is hampered by the absence of a coherent theoretical framework and by heterogeneous methods and terminology.

Unraveling the Complex Web of Fibromyalgia: A Narrative Review.

Fibromyalgia is a complex and often misunderstood chronic pain disorder. It is characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, and heightened sensitivity, and has evolved in diagnostic criteria and understanding over the years. Initially met with skepticism, fibromyalgia is now recognized as a global health concern affecting millions of people, with a prevalence transcending demographic boundaries.

Task-relevance and change detection in action-effect binding.

Features of actions are bound to coincidentally occurring stimuli so that re-encountering a stimulus retrieves a previous action episode. One hallmark of the purported mechanism in binding/retrieval tasks is a reliable reaction time advantage for repeating a previous response if tone stimuli repeat rather than alternate across trials. Other measures than reaction times yielded surprisingly mixed results, however.

White plague among the "forgotten people" from the Barbaricum of the Carpathian Basin-Cases with tuberculosis from the Sarmatian-period (3rd-4th centuries CE) archaeological site of Hódmezővásárhely-Kenyere-ér, Bereczki-tanya (Hungary).

Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection that is well-known in the palaeopathological record because it can affect the skeleton and consequently leaves readily identifiable macroscopic alterations. Palaeopathological case studies provide invaluable information about the spatio-temporal distribution of TB in the past. This is true for those archaeological periods and geographical regions from when and where no or very few TB cases have been published until now-as in the Sarmatian period (1st-5th centuries CE) in the Barbaricum of the Carpathian Basin.

Multivalent Tau/PSD-95 interactions arrest in vitro condensates and clusters mimicking the postsynaptic density.

Alzheimer's disease begins with mild memory loss and slowly destroys memory and thinking. Cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease has been associated with the localization of the microtubule-associated protein Tau at the postsynapse. However, the correlation between Tau at the postsynapse and synaptic dysfunction remains unclear.

Ordering properties of anisotropic hard bodies in one-dimensional channels.

The phase behavior and structural properties of hard anisotropic particles (prisms and dumbbells) are examined in one-dimensional channels using the Parsons-Lee (PL) theory, and the transfer-matrix and neighbor-distribution methods. The particles are allowed to move freely along the channel, while their orientations are constrained such that one particle can occupy only two or three different lengths along the channel. In this confinement setting, hard prisms behave as an additive mixture, while hard dumbbells behave as a non-additive one.

Molecular Antioxidants Maintain Synergistic Radical Scavenging Activity upon Co-Immobilization on Clay Nanoplatelets.

Unbalanced levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) result in oxidative stress, affecting both biomedical and industrial processes. Antioxidants can prevent ROS overproduction and thus delay or inhibit their harmful effects. Herein, activities of two molecular antioxidants (gallic acid (GA), a well-known phenolic compound, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), a vital biological cofactor) were tested individually and in combination to assess possible synergistic, additive, or antagonistic effects in free radical scavenging and in redox capacity assays.

Economic and humanistic burden of HPV-related disease in Indonesia: A qualitative analysis.

The burden of human papillomavirus (HPV) and HPV-related cancers and genital warts is increasing in developing countries, including Indonesia. The objective of this study was to qualitatively explore the humanistic and economic burden of these HPV-related diseases in patients in Indonesia. In 2021, in-depth interviews and focus groups were conducted with patients ( = 18) with HPV-related diseases and healthcare professionals (HCPs;  = 10) specialised in treating these patients.

[Fertility preservation in female cancer patients.].

The incidence of cancer increases with age and as family planning is being delayed, there is a growing number of cancer patients whose fertility may be affected by oncological treatments. International guidelines recommend that all reproductive age cancer patients, including adolescent patients, should be referred for fertility preservation consultation, and if necessary, fertility preservation procedures should be performed. Fertility preservation enables cancer survivors to offer a chance for biological parenthood after recovery.

Fusing safety and efficacy: A maternal bivalent RSV prefusion F vaccine.

In this phase 3 trial, Kampmann et al. demonstrated safety and efficacy of a maternal bivalent RSV prefusion F vaccine. Vaccine efficacy was achieved in reducing severe RSV-associated lower respiratory tract infections in infants at 90 and 180 days following birth.

Total Synthesis and Structural Plasticity of Kratom Pseudoindoxyl Metabolites.

Mitragynine pseudoindoxyl, a kratom metabolite, has attracted increasing attention due to its favorable side effect profile as compared to conventional opioids. Herein, we describe the first enantioselective and scalable total synthesis of this natural product and its epimeric congener, speciogynine pseudoindoxyl. The characteristic spiro-5-5-6-tricyclic system of these alkaloids was formed through a protecting-group-free cascade relay process in which oxidized tryptamine and secologanin analogues were used.

Floral ultraviolet absorbance area responds plastically to ultraviolet irradiance in .

Solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation is known to have significant effects on the development and performance of plants, including flowers. In multiple species, UV-absorbing floral patterns are associated with environmental conditions such as the solar UV exposure they typically receive. However, it is not known whether plants can increase the UV-absorbing areas found on petals plastically when in a high-UV environment.