Breast ultrasound: An opportunity to detect unsuspected pleural and pulmonary abnormalities.

Purpose: While scanning women for breast US, is possible to observe changes in the appearance of the pleural line or in the most superficial portion of the lung. The objective of this single-center, prospective study was to determine the prevalence of a variety of pleural and pulmonary US findings during routine breast US.

Methods: In this study, there were 200 women undergoing standard breast US examination.

Ultrasound Assessment of Skin Tumors Local Recurrence.

Skin cancer may recur at or around the surgical site despite wide excisions. Prompt clinical and sonographic detection of local recurrence is important since subjects with relapsing melanomas or nonmelanoma malignancies can be managed efficaciously, with a relevant impact on morbidity and survival. Ultrasound is being employed with increasing frequency in the assessment of skin tumors, but most of the published articles relate to initial pretherapeutic diagnosis and staging.

Recent Advances in Ultrasound Breast Imaging: From Industry to Clinical Practice.

Breast ultrasound (US) has undergone dramatic technological improvement through recent decades, moving from a low spatial resolution, grayscale-limited technique to a highly performing, multiparametric modality. In this review, we first focus on the spectrum of technical tools that have become commercially available, including new microvasculature imaging modalities, high-frequency transducers, extended field-of-view scanning, elastography, contrast-enhanced US, MicroPure, 3D US, automated US, S-Detect, nomograms, images fusion, and virtual navigation. In the subsequent section, we discuss the broadened current application of US in breast clinical scenarios, distinguishing among primary US, complementary US, and second-look US.

Non-glandular findings on breast ultrasound. Part II: a pictorial review of chest wall lesions.

The breast ultrasound (US) field-of-view (FOV) includes glandular parenchyma as well as tissues located anterior to and posterior to it, up to pleural line. For that, it is possible to incidentally identify lesions unrelated to breast parenchyma during screening or diagnostic US; sometimes a palpable lump may be the reason of the imaging exam. Furthermore, abnormality related to chest wall are easier and more accurate detected after mastectomy.

Use of High-Frequency Transducers in Breast Sonography.

Sonography companies have recently developed high-frequency transducers (20-30 MHz) to image the skin and small joints. In this pictorial review, we present a number of settings where these probes can be usefully employed to scan the breast. These include skin abnormalities of the breast and axilla; nipple-areolar complex abnormalities; superficial breast parenchyma abnormalities; breast parenchyma abnormalities in subjects with implants; very small female breasts; peripheral areas in breasts of any size; pre-puberal breasts; male breasts; post-mastectomy chest wall; and intraoperative breast sonography.

Use of new microcirculation software allows the demonstration of dermis vascularization.

Aims: Current ultrasound (US) Doppler techniques cannot demonstrate the vascularization of the dermis. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the new Superb Vascular Imaging (SMI) and Microvascular Flow (MV-Flow) techniques improve the detection of normal dermis vessels. SMI and MV-Flow were compared side-by-side to conventional power-Doppler (PD) imaging.

Interventional Ultrasound in Dermatology: A Pictorial Overview Focusing on Cutaneous Melanoma Patients.

Cutaneous melanoma incidence is increasing worldwide, representing an aggressive tumor when evolving to the metastatic phase. High-resolution ultrasound (US) is playing a growing role in the assessment of newly diagnosed melanoma cases, in the locoregional staging prior to the sentinel lymph-node biopsy procedure, and in the melanoma patient follow-up. Additionally, US may guide a number of percutaneous procedures in the melanoma patients, encompassing diagnostic and therapeutic modalities.

Non-glandular findings on breast ultrasound. Part I: a pictorial review of superficial lesions.

Ultrasound (US) represents the first-level imaging technique in the assessment of breast in young patients, whereas it is complementary to mammography in adult ones. It is not uncommon to encounter non-glandular mass during either screening or diagnostic breast US; sometimes the evaluation of palpable lump may be the reason of clinician's US request. The breast US field-of-view includes not only the glandular parenchyma, but also the tissues located anterior and posterior to it, from the skin to the ribs.

MRI Radiomics in Prostate Cancer: A Reliability Study.

Background: Radiomics can provide quantitative features from medical imaging that can be correlated to clinical endpoints. The challenges relevant to robustness of radiomics features have been analyzed by many researchers, as it seems to be influenced by acquisition and reconstruction protocols, as well as by the segmentation of the region of interest (ROI). Prostate cancer (PCa) represents a difficult playground for this technique, due to discrepancies in the identification of the cancer lesion and the heterogeneity of the acquisition protocols.

Seeing the unseen with superb microvascular imaging: Ultrasound depiction of normal dermis vessels.

Purpose: Current color- and power-Doppler techniques cannot demonstrate vascularization of the dermis. Aim of this prospective study was to investigate whether the new superb vascular imaging (SMI) technique improves the ultrasound (US) depiction of dermis vessels in healthy volunteers. SMI was compared side-by-side to conventional power-Doppler (PD) imaging.

Diagnostic imaging of parotid gland oncocytoma: a pictorial review with emphasis on ultrasound assessment.

Parotid gland oncocytoma (PGO) is a rare benign epithelial tumor that usually occurs in the elderly population. The most common clinical presentation is a painless, slow-growing, non-tender, lobulated, and mobile mass. Histologically, it is composed of monotonous sheets of epithelial cells (oncocytes) with a central scar.

Diastasis of rectus abdominis muscles: patterns of anatomical variation as demonstrated by ultrasound.

Purpose: The aim of our study was to categorise the anatomical variations of rectus abdominis muscle diastasis (diastasis recti) by using ultrasound (US).

Material And Methods: In a one-year period 92 women were evaluated with US because of suspected diastasis of rectus muscles. Patients were examined in a supine position, with head extended, upper limbs aligned to the trunk, and knees flexed.

A bump: what to do next? Ultrasound imaging of superficial soft-tissue palpable lesions.

Soft-tissue palpable lesions are common in clinical practice, and ultrasound (US) represents the first imaging option in the evaluation of a patient with a soft-tissue swelling. A full and systematic US assessment is necessary, however. This includes grayscale, color- and power-Doppler, spectral-Doppler, and possibly elastography facilities, as well as a trained operator.

Skin cancer: findings and role of high-resolution ultrasound.

Currently available high-resolution transducers allow a detailed ultrasound (US) assessment of skin tumors. US complements clinical examination, dermoscopy, and biopsy in the initial differential diagnosis, surgical planning, locoregional staging, and follow-up of patients with skin malignancies. It is important for dermatologists, skin surgeons, and US operators to be aware of the US imaging findings and to recognize the clinical scenarios where imaging is indicated in the management of skin cancer.

The role of MRI in predicting Ki-67 in breast cancer: preliminary results from a prospective study.

Purpose: In the last decade contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has gained a growing role as a complementary tool for breast cancer diagnosis. Currently the relationship between the kinetic features of a breast lesion and pathologic prognostic factors has become a popular field of research. Our aim is to verify whether breast MRI could be considered a useful tool to predict Ki-67 score, thus resulting as a breast cancer prognosis indicator.

MR imaging evaluation of the postoperative meniscus.

MR imaging has been widely evaluated in the assessment of patients with recurrent or residual symptoms following meniscal surgery. Importantly, the causes of such symptoms may relate to failure or complication of the surgical procedure, a possible recurrent or residual meniscal tear, or may be related to other causes of joint symptoms, including tears of the contralateral meniscus, or local hyaline cartilage, or marrow abnormalities subjacent to or distant to the meniscal surgical site. The complex diagnostic issues involved in the MR imaging evaluation of the postoperative meniscus were identified in early MR imaging studies.

Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: MR imaging findings.

More than two million people tear their anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) each year, and ACL reconstruction occupies a significant proportion of everyday orthopedic practice, being one of the most commonly performed sports medicine surgical procedures. Patients with postoperative symptoms are frequently imaged to monitor ligament grafts and to identify complications. Given the number of patients undergoing ACL reconstruction, knowledge of the potential complications of this surgery is essential for radiologists.

An Exceptional Case of Complete Septate Uterus With Unilateral Cervical Aplasia (Class U2bC3V0/ESHRE/ESGE Classification) and Isolated Mullerian Remnants: Combined Hysteroscopic and Laparoscopic Treatment.

Study Objective: To report the combined hysteroscopic and laparoscopic treatment of a complete septate uterus with unilateral cervical aplasia (class U2bC3V0/ESHRE/ESGE classification) and isolated mullerian remnants.

Design: Step-by-step presentation of the surgical treatment (Canadian Task Force classification 4).

Setting: Complete septate uterus with unilateral cervical aplasia (formally Robert's uterus) is characterized by the presence of a uterine septum completely dividing the endometrial cavity into an obstructed hemicavity and a contralateral nonobstructing hemicavity connected normally to the existing cervix.

Vertebroplasty as a Treatment for Primary Benign or Metastatic Cervical Spine Lesions: Up to One Year of Follow-up.

This paper illustrates the validity of vertebroplasty (VP) in patients with primary benign or metastatic lesion in the cervical spine. From January 2006 to December 2007, ten consecutive patients were treated with VP for a total of ten vertebral bodies: two symptomatic vertebral haemangiomas at C5 and C4.3, multiple myeloma at C2 (two cases) and one case at C4, five patients with vertebral metastasis from breast or lung cancer at C2, C4 (three cases) and C5.