Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in the cerebrospinal fluid of COVID-19 patients and vaccinated controls: a multicentre study.

Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of COVID-19 patients possibly reflect blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCB) disruption due to systemic inflammation. However, some studies indicate that CSF antibodies signal a neurotropic infection. Currently, larger studies are needed to clarify this, and it is unknown if CSF antibodies appear solely after infection or also after COVID-19 vaccination.

Antipsychotic exposure and infection risk in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic: a Danish nationwide registry study.

Background: Infection risk and mortality are increased in schizophrenia spectrum disorders, which was corroborated during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, evidence is lacking regarding the additional impact of antipsychotic drugs, and the highly debated safety of clozapine treatment during large-scale infection outbreaks. Therefore, we aimed to investigate risk of COVID-19 and non-COVID respiratory infections during exposure to antipsychotics.

Brain Health After COVID-19, Pneumonia, Myocardial Infarction, or Critical Illness.

Importance: Brain health is most likely compromised after hospitalization for COVID-19; however, long-term prospective investigations with matched control cohorts and face-to-face assessments are lacking.

Objective: To assess whether long-term cognitive, psychiatric, or neurological complications among patients hospitalized for COVID-19 differ from those among patients hospitalized for other medical conditions of similar severity and from healthy controls.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This prospective cohort study with matched controls was conducted at 2 academic hospitals in Copenhagen, Denmark.

Lesion network mapping of eye-opening apraxia.

Apraxia of eyelid opening (or eye-opening apraxia) is characterized by the inability to voluntarily open the eyes because of impaired supranuclear control. Here, we examined the neural substrates implicated in eye-opening apraxia through lesion network mapping. We analysed brain lesions from 27 eye-opening apraxia stroke patients and compared them with lesions from 20 aphasia and 45 hemiballismus patients serving as controls.

SARS-CoV-2 and autoantibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid of COVID-19 patients: prospective multicentre cohort study.

Disease mechanisms underlying neurological and neuropsychiatric symptoms after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), termed neuro-COVID, are poorly understood. Investigations of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for the presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA and antibodies, as well as autoantibodies against neuronal surface antigens, could improve our understanding in that regard. We prospectively collected CSF and blood from patients investigated by lumbar puncture for neurological or neuropsychiatric symptoms during or after COVID-19.

Multimodal Prediction of 3- and 12-Month Outcomes in ICU Patients with Acute Disorders of Consciousness.

Background: In intensive care unit (ICU) patients with coma and other disorders of consciousness (DoC), outcome prediction is key to decision-making regarding prognostication, neurorehabilitation, and management of family expectations. Current prediction algorithms are largely based on chronic DoC, whereas multimodal data from acute DoC are scarce. Therefore, the Consciousness in Neurocritical Care Cohort Study Using Electroencephalography and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (i.

COVID-19 and Risk for Mental Disorders Among Adults in Denmark.

Importance: Psychiatric outcomes after COVID-19 have been of high concern during the pandemic; however, studies on a nationwide level are lacking.

Objective: To estimate the risk of mental disorders and use of psychotropic medication among individuals with COVID-19 compared with individuals not tested, individuals with SARS-CoV-2-negative test results, and those hospitalized for non-COVID-19 infections.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This nationwide cohort study used Danish registries to identify all individuals who were alive, 18 years or older, and residing in Denmark between January 1 and March 1, 2020 (N = 4 152 792), excluding individuals with a mental disorder history (n = 616 546), with follow-up until December 31, 2021.

Brimonidine eye drops reveal diminished sympathetic pupillary tone in comatose patients with brain injury.

Background: There is an urgent need for easy-to-perform bedside measures to detect residual consciousness in clinically unresponsive patients with acute brain injury. Interestingly, the sympathetic control of pupil size is thought to be lost in states of unconsciousness. We therefore hypothesized that administration of brimonidine (an alpha-2-adrenergic agonist) eye drops into one eye should produce a pharmacologic Horner's syndrome if the clinically unresponsive patient is conscious, but not if the patient is unconscious.

Multimodal prediction of residual consciousness in the intensive care unit: the CONNECT-ME study.

Functional MRI (fMRI) and EEG may reveal residual consciousness in patients with disorders of consciousness (DoC), as reflected by a rapidly expanding literature on chronic DoC. However, acute DoC is rarely investigated, although identifying residual consciousness is key to clinical decision-making in the intensive care unit (ICU). Therefore, the objective of the prospective, observational, tertiary centre cohort, diagnostic phase IIb study 'Consciousness in neurocritical care cohort study using EEG and fMRI' (CONNECT-ME, NCT02644265) was to assess the accuracy of fMRI and EEG to identify residual consciousness in acute DoC in the ICU.

Case Report: Resting-State Brain-Networks After Near-Complete Hemispherectomy in Adulthood.

Objectives: Understanding the dynamics of reorganized network-level brain functions after hemispherectomy is important for treatment, prognostication, and rehabilitation of brain injury, but also for investigating questions of fundamental neurobehavioral interest: How does the brain promote consciousness despite loss of one hemisphere?

Methods: We studied resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) in a high-functioning middle-aged man 6 years after functional hemispherectomy following malignant middle cerebral artery infarction, and we compared results to RSFC in 20 healthy controls.

Results: Our analysis indicates increased between-network connectivity for all seven networks examined in the patient's preserved hemisphere, compared to healthy controls, suggesting a shift toward increased between-network connectivity following near-complete loss of one hemisphere during adulthood.

Conclusions: These data corroborate and extend recent findings of increased between-network connectivity in the remaining hemisphere after surgical hemispherectomy for intractable epilepsy during childhood.

Neuropsychiatric and Cognitive Outcomes in Patients 6 Months After COVID-19 Requiring Hospitalization Compared With Matched Control Patients Hospitalized for Non-COVID-19 Illness.

Importance: Prolonged neuropsychiatric and cognitive symptoms are increasingly reported in patients after COVID-19, but studies with well-matched controls are lacking.

Objective: To investigate cognitive impairment, neuropsychiatric diagnoses, and symptoms in survivors of COVID-19 compared with patients hospitalized for non-COVID-19 illness.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This prospective case-control study from a tertiary referral hospital in Copenhagen, Denmark, conducted between July 2020 and July 2021, followed up hospitalized COVID-19 survivors and control patients hospitalized for non-COVID-19 illness, matched for age, sex, and intensive care unit (ICU) status 6 months after symptom onset.

Non-invasive quantification of cerebral glucose metabolism using Gjedde-Patlak plot and image-derived input function from the aorta.

Introduction: We aimed at evaluating a Gjedde-Patlak plot and non-invasive image-derived input functions (IDIF) from the aorta to quantify cerebral glucose metabolic rate (CMRglc) in comparison to the reference standard based on sampling the arterial input function (AIF).

Method: Six healthy subjects received 200 MBq [F]FDG simultaneously with the initiation of a three-part dynamic PET recording consisting of a 15 min-recording of the aorta, a 40 min-recording of the brain and finally 2 min-recording of the aorta. Simultaneously, the arterial F concentration was measured via arterial cannulation.

Global warming and neurological practice: systematic review.

Background: Climate change, including global warming, will cause poorer global health and rising numbers of environmental refugees. As neurological disorders account for a major share of morbidity and mortality worldwide, global warming is also destined to alter neurological practice; however, to what extent and by which mechanisms is unknown. We aimed to collect information about the effects of ambient temperatures and human migration on the epidemiology and clinical manifestations of neurological disorders.

Autoimmune Encephalitis Related to Cancer Treatment With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Systematic Review.

Objective: To determine the clinical and laboratory features of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICPI)-associated autoimmune encephalitis (ICPI-AIE), an increasingly recognized adverse event with ICPI treatment.

Methods: We searched PubMed, The Cochrane Library, and Embase for ICPI-AIE cases from the first description in 2015 until January 2020 using standard bibliographic measures including PRISMA guidelines and preregistration with PROSPERO.

Results: Thirty-nine studies met inclusion criteria, resulting in 54 patients with ICPI-AIE (mean age 58.

Central and peripheral nervous system complications of COVID-19: a prospective tertiary center cohort with 3-month follow-up.

Objective: To systematically describe central (CNS) and peripheral (PNS) nervous system complications in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

Methods: We conducted a prospective, consecutive, observational study of adult patients from a tertiary referral center with confirmed COVID-19. All patients were screened daily for neurological and neuropsychiatric symptoms during admission and discharge.

Thirty-Day Mortality and Morbidity in COVID-19 Positive vs. COVID-19 Negative Individuals and vs. Individuals Tested for Influenza A/B: A Population-Based Study.

As of October 2020, COVID-19 has caused 1,000,000 deaths worldwide. However, large-scale studies of COVID-19 mortality and new-onset comorbidity compared to individuals tested negative for COVID-19 and individuals tested for influenza A/B are lacking. We investigated COVID-19 30-day mortality and new-onset comorbidity compared to individuals with negative COVID-19 test results and individuals tested for influenza A/B.

After stroke, apraxia of eyelid opening is associated with high mortality and right hemispheric infarction.

Introduction: Apraxia of eyelid opening (AEO) refers to impaired voluntary eyelid elevation of supranuclear origin. AEO is well-described in neurodegenerative disorders, but its frequency in stroke is unknown.

Methods: To investigate the frequency of AEO after stroke, we enrolled patients with an anterior circulation occlusion admitted for endovascular thrombectomy (EVT).

Mesial bifrontal stroke presenting as isolated spontaneous confabulations.

A 52-year-old man with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation presented with spontaneous confabulation, working memory deficits, and frontal release signs. MR scan of brain showed bifrontal mesial ischaemic strokes and angiography demonstrated that both anterior cerebral arteries were supplied by the left internal carotid artery. Isolated spontaneous confabulation is a rare presentation of stroke and may be associated with orbitofrontal cortex lesions.

Palbociclib in combination with simvastatin induce severe rhabdomyolysis: a case report.

Background: Palbociclib is a selective well-tolerated antineoplastic drug used in the treatment of advanced HER2-negative, estrogen-receptor positive breast cancer that has shown significant improvement in progression-free survival. We present a patient that developed severe rhabdomyolysis with tetra-affection and loss of gait after initiating the first cycle of Palbociclib concomitantly with Simvastatin 40 mg treatment.

Case Presentation: A 71-year-old woman with metastatic breast cancer developed tetraparesis and near fatal rhabdomyolysis after initiation of first cycle Palbociclib.

The red blood cell count and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate in the diagnosis of polycythaemia vera.

Background: Iron deficiency in polycythaemia vera (PV) may impact the validity of the haematocrit (HCT), since HCT is red blood cell count (RBC) × mean corpuscular volume (MCV).

Objectives: To investigate (a) the effect of microcytosis on HCT, (b) the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) as a possible additional diagnostic marker for PV.

Material And Methods: This study included 182 subjects: 39 with PV, 27 with essential thrombocythemia (ET) and 116 suspected of myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) with a secondary cause for either thrombocytosis or erythrocytosis.