Healthy School Meals for All in Utah.

Background: The National School Lunch and School Breakfast programs reduce food insecurity and improve dietary intake. During the COVID-19 pandemic, school meals were provided to all children at no cost, regardless of income. This policy is known as Healthy School Meals For All (HSMFA).

Sol-Gel Photonic Glasses: From Material to Application.

In this review, we present a short overview of the development of sol-gel glasses for application in the field of photonics, with a focus on some of the most interesting results obtained by our group and collaborators in that area. Our main attention is devoted to silicate glasses of different compositions, which are characterized by specific optical and spectroscopic properties for various applications, ranging from luminescent systems to light-confining structures and memristors. In particular, the roles of rare-earth doping, matrix composition, the densification process and the fabrication protocol on the structural, optical and spectroscopic properties of the developed photonic systems are discussed through appropriate examples.

Factors associated with change in adherence to COVID-19 personal protection measures in the Metropolitan Region, Chile.

Personal protective measures such use of face masks, hand washing and physical distancing have proven to be effective in controlling the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic. However, adherence to these measures may have been relaxed over time. The objective of this work is to assess the change in adherence to these measures and to find factors that explain the change For this purpose, we conducted a survey in the Metropolitan Region of Chile in which we asked the adherence to these measures in August-September 2021 and retrospectively for 2020.

Narrowing the Parameter Space of Collapse Models with Ultracold Layered Force Sensors.

Despite the unquestionable empirical success of quantum theory, witnessed by the recent uprising of quantum technologies, the debate on how to reconcile the theory with the macroscopic classical world is still open. Spontaneous collapse models are one of the few testable solutions so far proposed. In particular, the continuous spontaneous localization (CSL) model has become subject of intense experimental research.

[Ion transporters in the lungs. Use as therapeutic targets].

The chloride channels, sodium and bicarbonate channels, and aquaporin water channels are coordinated to maintain the airway surface liquid that is necessary for mucociliary clearance. The general mechanism for the transport of electrolytes and fluids depends mainly on the differential expression and distribution of ion transporters and pumps. Ions and water move through the paracellular or transcellular pathways.

High quality factor 1-D Er³⁺-activated dielectric microcavity fabricated by RF-sputtering.

Rare earth-activated 1-D photonic crystals were fabricated by RF-sputtering technique. The cavity is constituted by an Er3+-doped SiO2 active layer inserted between two Bragg reflectors consisting of ten pairs of SiO2/TiO2 layers. Scanning electron microscopy is employed to put in evidence the quality of the sample, the homogeneities of the layers thickness and the good adhesion among them.

Effect of nutritional vitamin A deficiency on lipid metabolism in the rat heart: Its relation to PPAR gene expression.

Objective: We studied the effect of dietary vitamin A deprivation on lipid composition and mRNA expression of regulatory enzymes involved in rat heart energetic lipid metabolism and its relation to the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) genes.

Methods: Male Wistar 21-d-old rats were fed for 3 mo with a vitamin A-free diet (vitamin A-deficient group) and the same diet plus 8 mg of retinol palmitate per kilogram of diet (control group). One group of deficient animals received the control diet 15 d before sacrifice (vitamin A-refed group).

Lipid metabolism in liver of rat exposed to cadmium.

We investigated the effect of exposition to cadmium (Cd, 15ppm for 8 weeks) through drinking water on liver lipid metabolism in adult male Wistar rats. As compared to metal non-exposed (control) rats, the serum triglycerides, cholesterol and LDL+VLDL cholesterol concentrations increased. This was associated to a decrease of lipoprotein lipase activity in post heparinic plasma.

Reduction of mammary and liver lipogenesis and alteration of milk composition during lactation in rats by hypothyroidism.

Objective: The profound impairment in litter growth produced by untreated maternal hypothyroidism (HypoT) may be a consequence of maternal metabolic dysfunctions affecting lactation. In this work we studied the effects of HypoT on mammary and liver lipid metabolism and its consequences on milk quality.

Design: We studied the effects of prolonged 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU)-induced HypoT (0.

The expression of estrogen, prolactin, and progesterone receptors in mammary gland and liver of female rats during pregnancy and early postpartum: regulation by thyroid hormones.

The aim of this study was to examine, using semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) the changes in mRNA expression of the two estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes, ERalpha and ERbeta, prolactin receptor long and short form, and progesterone (Pg) receptor (PgR), in liver and mammary gland during gestation, early lactation, and weaning in both hyperthyroid (HT) and normal rats. Pregnancy increased long prolactin receptors (PRL-R(L)) and ERalpha mRNAs in liver and PRL-R(I) in mammary gland. Lactation decreased PRL-R(L) in liver and ERbeta and PgR in mammary gland.

Effects of hypothyroidism on mammary and liver lipid metabolism in virgin and late-pregnant rats.

Untreated maternal hypothyroidism (hypoT) has serious consequences in offspring development that may result from the effect on lactation of maternal metabolism dysfunction. We studied the effects of prolonged propylthiouracil (PTU)-induced hypoT (0.1% PTU in drinking water starting 8 days before mating until day 21 of pregnancy or for 30 days in virgin rats) on liver and mammary lipid metabolism and serum lipid concentrations.

Hyperthyroidism and production of precocious involution in the mammary glands of lactating rats.

This study investigated the influence of chronic hyperthyroidism on mammary function in lactating rats and the effects on their pups. Thyroxine-treated (10 microg per 100 g body weight per day; hyperthyroid (HT)) or vehicle-treated rats were mated 2 weeks after the start of treatment and killed with their litters on days 7, 14 and 21 of lactation. Serum concentrations of triiodothyronine (T(3)) and tetraiodothyronine (T(4)) increased in thyroxine-treated rats.

Hyperthyroidism affects lipid metabolism in lactating and suckling rats.

Two per thousand pregnant women have hyperthyroidism (HT), and although the symptoms are attenuated during pregnancy, they rebound after delivery, affecting infant development. To examine the effects of hyperthyroidism on lactation, we studied lipid metabolism in maternal mammary glands and livers of hyperthyroid rats and their pups. Thyroxine (10 microg/100 g body weight/d) or vehicle-treated rats were made pregnant 2 wk after commencement of treatment and sacrificed on days 7, 14, and 21 of lactation with the litters.

Lipids in rat liver submitted to acute and chronic hyperthyroidism.

The effect of acute and chronic hyperthyroidism was studied in serum and liver lipids in rats. Wistar adult female rats were separated into three groups. The first group, injected with saline solution was used as control (Co), while the second and third were injected daily with tetraiodothyronine (T4) 10 microg/100 g body weight; the second group (HT-I) for one week and the third group (HT-II) for five weeks.

[Determination of plasma levels of phenytoin. Evaluation of 2 techniques].

We compared 2 techniques for determination of plasma levels of phenytoin, liquid-gas chromatography (LGC) and homogeneous enzymatic immunoassay (EI) in samples from 72 patients receiving monotherapy with this drug. Determinations were also made in samples of normal plasma with known concentrations of phenytoin. Good correlation of both techniques was observed in patient samples containing less than 15 micrograms/ml of the drug but not with higher concentrations.