Genetic heterogeneity in the Typhi Vi capsule locus: a population genomic study from Fiji.

Typhoid fever is endemic in many parts of the world and remains a major public health concern in tropical and sub-tropical developing nations, including Fiji. To address high rates of typhoid fever, the Northern Division of Fiji implemented a mass vaccination with typhoid conjugate vaccine (Vi-polysaccharide conjugated to tetanus toxoid) as a public health control measure in 2023. In this study we define the genomic epidemiology of Typhi in the Northern Division prior to island-wide vaccination, sequencing 85% (=419) of the total cases from the Northern and Central Divisions of Fiji that occurred in the period 2017-2019.

Genomic epidemiology of Typhi in Central Division, Fiji, 2012 to 2016.

Background: Typhoid fever is endemic in some Pacific Island Countries including Fiji and Samoa yet genomic surveillance is not routine in such settings. Previous studies suggested imports of the global H58 clade of var Typhi ( Typhi) contribute to disease in these countries which, given the MDR potential of H58, does not auger well for treatment. The objective of the study was to define the genomic epidemiology of Typhi in Fiji.

A retrospective study of patients with blood culture-confirmed typhoid fever in Fiji during 2014-2015: epidemiology, clinical features, treatment and outcome.

Background: Typhoid fever is endemic in Fiji. We sought to describe the epidemiology, clinical features and case fatality risk of blood culture-confirmed typhoid fever from January 2014 through December 2015.

Methods: Blood culture-positive patients were identified from a typhoid surveillance line list.

Epidemiology and risk factors for typhoid fever in Central Division, Fiji, 2014-2017: A case-control study.

Background: Typhoid fever is endemic in Fiji, with high reported annual incidence. We sought to identify the sources and modes of transmission of typhoid fever in Fiji with the aim to inform disease control.

Methodology/principal Findings: We identified and surveyed patients with blood culture-confirmed typhoid fever from January 2014 through January 2017.

Health at the Sub-catchment Scale: Typhoid and Its Environmental Determinants in Central Division, Fiji.

The impact of environmental change on transmission patterns of waterborne enteric diseases is a major public health concern. This study concerns the burden and spatial nature of enteric fever, attributable to Salmonella Typhi infection in the Central Division, Republic of Fiji at a sub-catchment scale over 30-months (2013-2015). Quantitative spatial analysis suggested relationships between environmental conditions of sub-catchments and incidence and recurrence of typhoid fever.