Inflammatory cytokine responses in pediatric tuberculosis with or without SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity.

Objectives: To characterize the inflammatory cytokine profiles in children with TB in the presence and absence of SARS-CoV2 seropositivity.

Methods: This study evaluated cytokine responses in two groups of children with TB: CoV2+ (TB and SARS-CoV2 seropositive) and CoV2- (TB and SARS-CoV2 seronegative). Each group had 30 children, and cytokine levels were measured at baseline, months 3 and 6.

Clinical Profile of Children with Adenovirus Infection - A Hospital-based Observational Study.

Objective: To describe the clinical profile and determine the factors affecting mortality of children admitted with adenovirus infection in a tertiary care centre in South India.

Methods: In this observational study, respiratory specimens (nasopharyngeal swab / endotracheal aspirate) were collected from all hospitalized pediatric patients presenting with fever, cough, breathlessness, gastrointestinal symptoms, unexplained encephalopathy or multisystem involvement, between February 2023 and August 2023. Infection with adenovirus was determined by viral pathogen panel based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique.

Immune Profiles in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children with Cardiovascular Abnormalities.

Background: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), a sequela of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection (SARS-CoV2), has been progressively reported worldwide, with cardiac involvement being a frequent presentation. Although the clinical and immunological characteristics of MIS-C with and without cardiac involvement have been described, the immunological differences between cardiac and non-cardiac MIS-C are not well understood.

Methods: The levels of type 1, type 2, type 17, other proinflammatory cytokines and CC chemokines and CXC chemokines were measured using the Magpix multiplex cytokine assay system in MIS-C children with MIS-C cardiac (MIS-C (C) ( = 88)) and MIS-C non-cardiac (MIS-C (NC) ( = 64)) abnormalities.

Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) Associated With Covid-19 - Single-Center Experience.

Objectives: To describe the clinical presentation, phenotype and outcome of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) from a tertiary care center in southern India.

Methods: 257 children fulfilling the inclusion criteria of MIS-C were prospectively enrolled from June, 2020 to March, 2022.

Results: Median (range) age at presentation was 6 year (35 day to 12 years).

Development and Validation of a Bedside Dengue Severity Score for Predicting Severe Dengue in Children.

Objective: To develop and validate a bedside dengue severity score in children less than 12 years for predicting severe dengue disease.

Methods: We carried out an analysis of data on the clinical and laboratory parameters of patients with confirmed dengue, hospitalized in October, 2019 at our center. A comprehensive patient's score was developed.

The utility of inflammatory and endothelial factors in the prognosis of severe dengue.

Background: Severe dengue is associated with a considerable risk of mortality, and there is currently a lack of appropriate prognostic biomarkers to predict its severity. Pathogenesis of severe dengue is characterized by overt inflammation, endothelial activation, and increased vascular permeability. The current study investigates the utility of endothelial, inflammatory, and vascular permeability factors as biomarkers to identify dengue severity, which could improve disease prognosis and management.

Serum levels of matrix metalloproteinases as prognostic markers for severe dengue with plasma leakage.

Background: Plasma leakage is a major pathogenic manifestation of severe dengue and is a precursor of life-threatening complications associated with dengue. Accumulating evidence indicates the role of Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) in mediating vascular permeability and plasma leakage following induction by the dengue virus. This study aims to investigate the utility of MMP-2, MMP-3, and MMP-9 in predicting the severity of dengue infection and further explore the relationship of these markers with the pathogenic factors associated with plasma leakage.

Neonatal diabetes caused by a homozygous KCNJ11 mutation demonstrates that tiny changes in ATP sensitivity markedly affect diabetes risk.

Aims/hypothesis: The pancreatic ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel plays a pivotal role in linking beta cell metabolism to insulin secretion. Mutations in KATP channel genes can result in hypo- or hypersecretion of insulin, as in neonatal diabetes mellitus and congenital hyperinsulinism, respectively. To date, all patients affected by neonatal diabetes due to a mutation in the pore-forming subunit of the channel (Kir6.

Infantile onset diabetes mellitus in developing countries - India.

Infantile onset diabetes mellitus (IODM) is an uncommon metabolic disorder in children. Infants with onset of diabetes mellitus (DM) at age less than one year are likely to have transient or permanent neonatal DM or rarely type 1 diabetes. Diabetes with onset below 6 mo is a heterogeneous disease caused by single gene mutations.

Fazio Londe syndrome: A treatable disorder.

Fazio Londe Syndrome is a rare neurological disorder presenting with progressive bulbar palsy with respiratory failure. Initially considered to have an unrelenting course, is now found to be due to mutations in the SLC52A3 gene which encodes the intestinal (hRFT2) riboflavin transporter in some children. We report an 11-year-old child with features of Fazio Londe syndrome who presented to our Institute with respiratory failure.

Risk factors for mortality in children with diabetic keto acidosis from developing countries.

Diabetic keto acidosis (DKA) is the major cause for mortality in children with Diabetes mellitus (DM). With increasing incidence of type 1 DM worldwide, there is an absolute increase of DM among children between 0-14 year age group and overall incidence among less than 30 years remain the same. This shift towards younger age group is more of concern especially in developing countries where mortality in DKA is alarmingly high.

Novel ABCC8 (SUR1) gene mutations in Asian Indian children with congenital hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia.

Congenital hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (HI) is a heterogeneous genetic disorder of insulin secretion characterized by persistent hypoglycemia, most commonly associated with inactivating mutations of the β-cell ATP-sensitive K(+) channel (K(ATP) channel) genes ABCC8 (encoding SUR1) and KCNJ11(encoding Kir6.2). This study aimed to screen the mutations in the genes associated with congenital HI in Asian Indian children.

Pediatric index of mortality 2 score as an outcome predictor in pediatric Intensive Care Unit in India.

Background And Aims: Pediatric index of mortality (PIM) 2 score is one of the severity scoring systems being used for predicting outcome of patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the usefulness of PIM2 score in predicting mortality in a tertiary care pediatric ICU (PICU) and to assess the associated factors in predicting mortality such as presence of shock, need for assisted ventilation and Glasgow coma scale <8.

Materials And Methods: This was a prospective observation study done at tertiary care PICU from May 2011 to July 2011.

EIF2AK3 mutations in South Indian children with permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus associated with Wolcott-Rallison syndrome.

Objective: This study describes the clinical and genetic evaluation of permanent neonatal diabetes due to Wolcott-Rallison syndrome (WRS) in south Indian consanguineous families. We aimed to evaluate the genetic basis of the disease in eight children with WRS from five South Indian families.

Patients And Methods: We studied eight children who presented with permanent neonatal diabetes from five South Indian families.

Adiponectin levels in south Indian children with type 1 diabetes mellitus and nondiabetic children and its correlation with anthropometry and glycemic control.

Studies have reported high adiponectin levels in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Adiponectin has been found to have anti-atherogenic action and other protective functions. We wanted to estimate adiponectin level in south Indian T1DM children and compare it with that of non-diabetic children and study its correlation with anthropometry and glycemic status.

hypertensive intracranial bleed due to mid aortic syndrome.

The authors describe an 11-y-old child with intracranial bleed due to malignant hypertension. Child presented with hypertension, right hemiparesis, feeble femoral pulses and lower limb blood pressure less than the upper limb. CT angiogram revealed narrowing of the abdominal aorta with thinned out left renal artery and hypoplasia of the left kidney.

Clinical profile and outcome of infantile onset diabetes mellitus in southern India.

Objective: To study the etiology, clinical presentation and outcome of infantile onset diabetes mellitus (IODM).

Design: Descriptive cohort study. Retrospective study from 1999-2007 and prospective from 2008-2012.