Response to methylphenidate by adult and pediatric patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: the Spanish multicenter DIHANA study.

Background: The purpose of this multicenter Spanish study was to evaluate the response to immediate-release methylphenidate by children and adults diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as well as to obtain information on current therapy patterns and safety characteristics.

Methods: This multicenter, observational, retrospective, noninterventional study included 730 patients aged 4-65 years with a diagnosis of ADHD. Information was obtained based on a review of medical records for the years 2002-2006 in sequential order.

[Non-verbal learning disorders: a clinical study and pharmacological treatment].

Introduction: Non-verbal learning disorder (NVLD) is the name given to a complex group of difficulties with a well-defined biological substrate. Their clinical manifestations affect the motor area, visuospatial organisation and the social competencies.

Aim: To analyse the semiology that differentially identifies NVLD by means of a model of interpretation based on the experience gained in a non-verbal learning disorder service (NVLDS) and in the neuropaediatric unit of a hospital.

Early response to idursulfase treatment in a 3 year-old boy affected of Hunter syndrome.

We present a 3-year-old boy affected with Hunter syndrome. When we first evaluated the patient glycosaminoglycans (GAG) in urine were elevated (94.6 ng/nmol/creatinine); the enzyme activity determined in serum was decreased (3.

[Clinical assessment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, interview model and controversial issues].

Introduction: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most frequent reasons for visits to neuropaediatric services. Although the clinical criteria are well established, the medical history is probably not examined with enough care and the most decisive symptoms go unnoticed. AIM.

[A review of the alert and psycholinguistic intervention model in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder].

Introduction: In every class in our schools, teachers are faced with one or two children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a neurobiological disorder with three main clinical axes: lack of attention, hyperactivity and impulsiveness. Generally speaking, these children develop poorer psycholinguistic skills, although over 50% of these problems remain undetected because they are concealed by the child's behaviour. Most of the children will see some kind of adverse effect on their academic performance, chiefly in areas concerning reading and writing.

[Hyperactivity in preschoolers: a clinical description].

Introduction: Hyperactivity is a behavioural development disorder characterised by disruptive motor activity that prevents the individual from establishing adequate social ties and normal communication, which are an essential part of a child's overall development. It is an unspecific symptom of several neurocognitive disorders, the most frequent of which is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Patients And Methods: We present the results of two investigations.

[Hair with a double crown and dilatation of Virchow-Robin spaces: a proposal for a new neurocutaneous association].

Introduction: The primitive ectoderm is the common origin of the nervous system, the skin and related organs. These structures can therefore be affected simultaneously by aggressions that take place during embryogenesis involving the ectodermal layer. To date multiple neurocutaneous associations have been reported, some of which were catalogued as genetically determined syndromes or diseases.

[Graphic skills in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder].

Introduction: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most frequent neuropsychiatric disorder in childhood and its prevalence rate is between 3 5%.

Subjects And Methods: We describe a study of 601 children aged between 8 and 9 in the 3rd and 4th years of primary education from 17 public schools in the area around Badajoz. The results of the Conners rating scale (CRS) and the drawings of the familial figure done to explore the following variables were analysed and compared: dominant or valued figure, number of colours used, number of anatomical elements (nose, mouth, etc.

[Zellweger syndrome. Reports on two new cases].

Introduction: Zellweger syndrome, or cerebrohepatorenal syndrome, is the most serious form of the peroxisomal diseases. Clinically, it is characterised by the association between craniofacial dysmorphia and neurological disorders, together with the involvement of other organs. To perform a diagnosis it is advisable to follow a procedural protocol that begins with the quantification of very long chain fatty acids in an assortment of samples (serum, fibroblasts and mononucleate cells), plasmalogens, branched chain fatty acids in serum (phytanic and pristanic acids), polyunsaturated acids and bile salts.

[Miller-Dieker syndrome: a new case with cerebral echographic study].

Introduction: Miller-Dieker syndrome is characterized for type 1 lissencephaly associated with facial dysmorphism. In 90-95% of the cases, deletion of the distal fragment of chromosome 17 is seen. Nevertheless, this is difficult to confirm in about 50% of the cases, if we don't resort to special technics of molecular genetics.

[Sylvian arachnoid cysts, temporal lobe hypoplasia and epileptic encephalopathy].

The authors describe a 14 year-old boy with bilateral arachnoid cysts of the sylvian area and temporal lobe hypoplasia. Also showed vermis and brainstem hypoplasia. Clinically manifest a severe encephalopathy with tetraparesia, autism and late onset polymorphic epilepsy.