Epigenetics as a Key Factor in Prostate Cancer.

Nowadays, prostate cancer is one of the most common forms of malignant neoplasms in men all over the world. Against the background of increasing incidence, there is a high mortality rate from prostate cancer, which is associated with an inadequate treatment strategy. Such a high prevalence of prostate cancer requires the development of methods that can ensure early detection of the disease, improve the effectiveness of treatment, and predict the therapeutic effect.

Methylome-wide analysis of milk somatic cells upon subclinical mastitis in dairy cattle.

Better understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind bovine mastitis is fundamental for improving the management of this disease, which continues to be of major concern for the dairy industry, especially in its subclinical form. Disease severity and progression depend on numerous aspects, such as livestock genetics, and the interaction between the causative agent, the host, and the environment. In this context, epigenetic mechanisms have proven to have a role in controlling the response of the animal to inflammation.

Subclinical Mastitis from and spp. Induces Changes in Milk Peptidome in Holstein Cattle.

Early detection of bovine subclinical mastitis may improve treatment strategies and reduce the use of antibiotics. Herein, individual milk samples from Holstein cows affected by subclinical mastitis induced by and spp. were analyzed by untargeted and targeted mass spectrometry approaches to assess changes in their peptidome profiles and identify new potential biomarkers of the pathological condition.

Effect of intramammary infection and inflammation on milk protein profile assessed at the quarter level in Holstein cows.

In this study we wanted to investigate the associations between naturally occurring subclinical intramammary infection (IMI) caused by different etiological agents (i.e., Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus uberis, and Prototheca spp.

Associations between subclinical intramammary infection and milk fatty acid profile at the quarter level in Holstein cattle.

Mastitis, especially the subclinical form, is the most common economic and health problem in dairy cows. Little is known about changes in milk fatty acid (FA) composition according to infection/inflammation status of the mammary gland. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between naturally occurring subclinical intramammary infection (IMI) from different pathogens, i.

Novel insights into the associations between immune cell population distribution in mammary glands and milk minerals in Holstein cows.

Udder health has a crucial role in sustainable milk production, and various reports have pointed out that changes in udder condition seem to affect milk mineral content. The somatic cell count (SCC) is the most recognized indicator for the determination of udder health status. Recently, a new parameter, the differential somatic cell count (DSCC), has been proposed for a more detailed evaluation of intramammary infection patterns.

The impact of milk storage temperatures on cheese quality and microbial communities at dairy processing plant scale.

Cheese production is an applied biotechnology whose proper outcome relies strictly on the complex interactive dynamics which unfold within defined microbial groups. These may start being active from the collection of milk and continue up to its final stages of maturation. One of the critical parameters playing a major role is the milk refrigeration temperature before pasteurization as it can affect the proportion of psychrotrophic taxa abundance in the total milk bacterial population.

Associations between the detailed milk mineral profile, milk composition, and metabolic status in Holstein cows.

The causes of variation in the milk mineral profile of dairy cattle during the first phase of lactation were studied under the hypothesis that the milk mineral profile partially reflects the animals' metabolic status. Correlations between the minerals and the main milk constituents (i.e.

Transcriptome-wide mapping of milk somatic cells upon subclinical mastitis infection in dairy cattle.

Background: Subclinical intramammary infection (IMI) represents a significant problem in maintaining dairy cows' health. Disease severity and extent depend on the interaction between the causative agent, environment, and host. To investigate the molecular mechanisms behind the host immune response, we used RNA-Seq for the milk somatic cells (SC) transcriptome profiling in healthy cows (n = 9), and cows naturally affected by subclinical IMI from Prototheca spp.

Predicting milk protein fractions using infrared spectroscopy and a gradient boosting machine for breeding purposes in Holstein cattle.

In recent years, increasing attention has been focused on the genetic evaluation of protein fractions in cow milk with the aim of improving milk quality and technological characteristics. In this context, advances in high-throughput phenotyping by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy offer the opportunity for large-scale, efficient measurement of novel traits that can be exploited in breeding programs as indicator traits. We took milk samples from 2,558 Holstein cows belonging to 38 herds in northern Italy, operating under different production systems.

and spp. induce different mammary gland leukocyte responses in Holstein cows.

In this study, we investigated the association between natural subclinical intramammary infection (IMI) caused by and spp. and milk differential cell counts assessed by cytofluorimetric analysis in Holstein cows. After an initial bacteriological screening on 188 animals and a second assessment carried out 2 wk later aimed at confirming the bacteriological status, we collected milk samples from 47 animals and performed (1) milk composition analyses; (2) somatic cell counts and differential somatic cell counts (DSCC); and (3) cytofluorimetric analyses.

Impact of somatic cell count combined with differential somatic cell count on milk protein fractions in Holstein cattle.

Udder health in dairy herds is a very important issue given its implications for animal welfare and the production of high-quality milk. Somatic cell count (SCC) is the most widely used means of assessing udder health status. However, differential somatic cell count (DSCC) has recently been proposed as a new and more effective means of evaluating intramammary infection dynamics.

The β-casein (CSN2) A2 allelic variant alters milk protein profile and slightly worsens coagulation properties in Holstein cows.

Milk proteins genetic variants have long attracted interest as they are associated with important issues relating to milk composition and technological properties. An important debate has recently opened at an international level on the role of β-casein (β-CN) A1 and A2 polymorphisms, toward human health. For this reason, a lot of efforts has been put into the promotion of A2 milk by companies producing and selling A1-free milk, leading the farmers and breeders to switch toward A2 milk production without paying attention on the potential effect of the processability of milk into cheese.

Quarter-level analyses of the associations among subclinical intramammary infection and milk quality, udder health, and cheesemaking traits in Holstein cows.

In this study, we investigated associations among subclinical intra-mammary infection (IMI) and quarter-level milk composition, udder health indicators, and cheesemaking traits. The dataset included records from 450 Holstein cows belonging to three dairy herds. After an initial screening (T0) to identify animals infected by Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus uberis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Prototheca spp.

[Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul School of Nursing: open doors].

This paper aims at reporting the experience undergone upon the third edition of the "UFRGS Open Doors" event held at the School of Nursing of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (EEUFRGS) in 2005. The event was planned, scheduled, and organized by its authors. The university defines this activity as an action that provides the opportunity of an approach between society and university.

[Macrocampaigns: alternatives to health promotion].

To reflect about teaching and practicing nursing in public and collective health, helps to direct the teaching/learning nursing process to a health promotion alternative, involving nursing students of UFRGS with Lions Clubs, Health State Secretaries and, specially, with the population and the media, so that early detection of high blood pressure and diabetes and also health promotion could be focus on Macro-campaigns Project. The aim is to early detect high blood pressure, diabetes and to promote health, individually and collectively, in a short period of time, at places of major concentration of persons, using academic work power, clubs of service, participation of the population and the media. The method used on this investigation was of interviews, blood pressure measurement, blood sugar checking, and filling forms from spontaneous demand in shoppings malls and other sites, by two professors and 58 nursing students of UFRGS.

[Primary care in the community of Zero Hora: a new social approach].

The authors, after reflecting about practical nursing, directed a teach-learned nursing process towards the community on a social approach, which implicates in an effective participation of the population and the sanitary authorities. Therefore, they opt for demarcation of an action area, in order to measure the results, to create social nursing necessity, nurse/patient bond and to adapt teaching and research to social reality. The goal is to identify the basics needs of the chosen village and with them establish the priorities to plan the health and educational actions in agreement with primary nursing attention.

[The integration of teaching and care in a teaching institution and in a teaching hospital of Porto Alegre: the experience of a working group].

This study presents the first stage of the work developed by teachers from The School of Nursing of Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul and nurses from Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre in order to elaborate a Project for Teaching-Assistance Integration. The authors explain their experience in a professional group, the methodology used as well the diagnostic of the reality in those Institutions related to teaching, assistance, research and administration.