Essential oil supplementation improves insulin sensitivity and modulates the plasma metabolome of hyperinsulinemic horses.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of essential oil (EO) supplementation on insulin sensitivity (IS) and the plasma metabolome in insulin dysregulated (ID) horses. Horses were blocked by degree of IS and assigned randomly to treatment: oral daily bolus (50 mL) of either a plant derived EO supplement or carrier (CON). Mares were housed in dry lots with access to grass hay and supplemented individually twice daily with a concentrate to meet nutrient requirements for mature horses.

Nutraceutical Supplement Mitigates Insulin Resistance in Horses with a History of Insulin Dysregulation During a Challenge with a High-Starch Diet.

Insulin dysregulation (ID) is associated with an increased risk of laminitis which often necessitates the need for clinical intervention. To test the contention that the prophylactic supplementation of nutraceuticals could mitigate ID in susceptible horses, 16 mature horses with a history of ID were supplemented with either the placebo ( = 8) or nutraceutical ( = 8) once daily. Horses were housed in dry lots with ad libitum access to grass hay and fed a concentrate twice daily to provide 0.

Effects of a Proprietary Kelp Blend Product on Enteric Methane Production and Tissue Residues in Cattle.

Three experiments were performed investigating bovine enteric methane (CH) production inhibition using a proprietary kelp blend product (PKBP) containing a halogenated methane analog (i.e., bromoform).

Protocolized Gastrointestinal Fistula Management is Superior to Historic Data and National Averages: A Retrospective Review of an Enterocutaneous Fistula Registry.

Enterocutaneous fistula (ECF) management remains a complex clinical problem. Prehabilitation (prehab) protocols are becoming more popular. The prehabilitation protocol used in this paper was adopted in 2017 at the University of Florida.

Obesity and Associated Outcomes for Blunt vs Penetrating Mechanism in Trauma Laparotomy Patients.

Obesity in trauma patients is an established risk factor contributing to postoperative complications, but the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and trauma patient outcomes is not well-defined, especially when stratified by mechanism of injury. We surveyed the trauma laparotomy registry at an academic level 1 trauma center over a 3-year period to identify mortality, injury severity score, and hospital length of stay (hLOS) outcome measures across BMI classes, with further stratification by mechanism of injury: blunt vs penetrating trauma. A total of 442 patients were included with mean age 44.

Current fistula management.

Purpose Of Review: Enterocutaneous fistulas (ECFs) pose a significant impact in the healthcare system, both financially and in resource utilization. Delivery of optimal care is complex and involves intensive wound care, complex nutritional delivery and multidisciplinary care teams for optimization. Recently, there have been pushes to modernize the traditional approach to ECF care to a new paradigm of protocol-based individualized delivery of care.

Impact of ergot alkaloid and steroidal implant on whole-body protein turnover and expression of mTOR pathway proteins in muscle of cattle.

Introduction: Holstein steers ( = 32) were used to determine if the ergot analog, bromocriptine decreases muscle protein synthesis through inhibitory action on the mTOR pathway a direct effect on signal proteins, and if these negative effects can be alleviated with anabolic agents.

Methods: Steers were treated with intramuscular administration of bromocriptine (vehicle or 0.1 mg/kg BW) and a subdermal commercial steroidal implant containing trenbolone acetate (TBA) and estradiol 17β (with or without), in a 2×2 factorial design.

Differential effect of two dietary protein sources on time course response of muscle anabolic signaling pathways in normal and insulin dysregulated horses.

The objective of the study was to characterize the temporal changes of phosphorylation patterns of mTOR signaling proteins in response to two dietary protein sources in insulin dysregulated (ID, = 8) and non-ID ( = 8) horses. Horses were individually housed and fed timothy grass hay and 2 daily concentrate meals so that protein was the first limiting nutrient and the total diet provided 120% of daily DE requirements for maintenance. On sample days, horses randomly received 0.

Effects of Bromocriptine on Glucose and Insulin Dynamics in Normal and Insulin Dysregulated Horses.

The objectives of the study were to study the effects of the synthetic ergot alkaloid (EA), bromocriptine, on glucose and lipid metabolism in insulin dysregulated (ID, = 7) and non-ID ( = 8) mares. Horses were individually housed and fed timothy grass hay and two daily concentrate meals so that the total diet provided 120% of daily DE requirements for maintenance. All horses were given intramuscular bromocriptine injections (0.

Nutritional impact of omega 3 fatty acids and metabolites in acute and chronic critical illness.

Purpose Of Review: Lipids have been utilized historically as a calorie dense means to ensure delivery of essential fatty acids (FA). Since the development of mixed lipid emulsion and investigation of immunomodulatory formulas, there has been an awakening that not all lipids are created equal. This narrative review focuses on contemporary evidence in the utilization of lipids (namely omega 3 fatty acids) in both acute and chronic critical illness.

Correction to "Synthesis, Evaluation, and Characterization of an Ergotamine Imprinted Styrene-Based Polymer for Potential Use as an Ergot Alkaloid Selective Adsorbent".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02158.

Endophyte Infected Tall Fescue: Plant Symbiosis to Animal Toxicosis.

Endophyte-infected fescue is a major cool season forage used for livestock production in the United States and through other areas of the world. A unique aspect of this forage resource is the symbiotic relationship with an endophytic fungus () that has detrimental impact on herbivores due to toxic ergot alkaloids. Research over the past 50 years has unveiled details regarding this symbiotic relationship.

Synthesis, Evaluation, and Characterization of an Ergotamine Imprinted Styrene-Based Polymer for Potential Use as an Ergot Alkaloid Selective Adsorbent.

Alkaloid toxicities negatively impact livestock health and production. To assess alkaloid occurrences, adsorbent technologies may offer effective means to their extraction and isolation from a complex feed matrix. In this study, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were synthesized and evaluated for their specificity of binding to various ergot alkaloids.

Chronic Critical Illness and PICS Nutritional Strategies.

The nutritional hallmark of chronic critical illness (CCI) after sepsis is persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism syndrome (PICS), which results in global resistance to the anabolic effect of nutritional supplements. This ultimately leaves these patients in a downward phenotypic spiral characterized by cachexia with profound weakness, decreased capacity for rehabilitation, and immunosuppression with the propensity for sepsis recidivism. The persistent catabolism is driven by a pathologic low-grade inflammation with the inability to return to homeostasis and by ongoing increased energy expenditure.

Feeding Cannabidiol (CBD)-Containing Treats Did Not Affect Canine Daily Voluntary Activity.

Growing public interest in the use of cannabidiol (CBD) for companion animals has amplified the need to elucidate potential impacts. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the influence of CBD on the daily activity of adult dogs. Twenty-four dogs (18.

Audiovisual Modules to Enhance Informed Consent in the ICU: A Pilot Study.

Unlabelled: Obtaining informed consent for commonly performed ICU procedures is often compromised by variability in communication styles and inadequate verbal descriptions of anatomic concepts. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of an audiovisual module in improving the baseline knowledge of ICU procedures among patients and their caregivers.

Design: Prospective, observational study.

Pathways regulating equine skeletal muscle protein synthesis respond in a dose-dependent manner to graded levels of protein intake.

Activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR)-controlled anabolic signaling pathways in skeletal muscle of rodents and humans is responsive to the level of dietary protein supply, with maximal activation and rates of protein synthesis achieved with 0.2 to 0.4 g protein/kg body weight (BW).

A high protein meal affects plasma insulin concentrations and amino acid metabolism in horses with equine metabolic syndrome.

Equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) is characterized by an abnormal insulin response to a glycemic challenge but despite the known insulinotropic effects of certain amino acids, there is a paucity of data evaluating the impact of dietary protein on insulin dynamics in these horses. The objective was therefore to assess insulin and amino acid responses following intake of a high protein meal in healthy horses and those with EMS. Six mature horses diagnosed with EMS and six age-matched control horses without EMS were used.

A novel objective chute score interacts with monensin to affect growth of receiving cattle.

Growth in cattle may be related to animal temperament via alterations in intake or feed conversion. However, temperament is ill-defined, and different temperament measures may relate differently to production traits or interact with dietary factors in their effects. To examine relationships between diet, temperament, growth, and health, 160 crossbred steers (262 ± 22 kg) were used in a 56-d RCBD experiment with a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial treatment structure with 5 pens/treatment.

Relationships of a novel objective chute score and exit velocity with growth performance of receiving cattle.

Animals with excitable temperaments often have decreased gains that have been associated with decreased intake and efficiency. Different temperament measures probably measure different specific underlying traits. Commonly used temperament measures include both objective and subjective measures.

Consumption of endophyte-infected fescue seed during the dry period does not decrease milk production in the following lactation.

Ergot alkaloids in endophyte-infected grasses inhibit prolactin (PRL) secretion and may reduce milk production of cows consuming these grasses. We investigated the effects of consuming endophyte-infected fescue seed during late lactation and the dry period on mammary growth, differentiation, and milk production. Twenty-four multiparous Holstein cows were randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups.

Human Myeloid-derived Suppressor Cells are Associated With Chronic Immune Suppression After Severe Sepsis/Septic Shock.

Objective: We hypothesized that after sepsis in humans, MDSCs will be persistently increased, functionally immunosuppressive, and associated with adverse clinical outcomes.

Background: Cancer and sepsis have surprisingly similar immunologic responses and equally dismal long term consequences. In cancer, increased myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) induce detrimental immunosuppression, but little is known about the role of MDSCs after sepsis.

Patterns of gene expression among murine models of hemorrhagic shock/trauma and sepsis.

Controversy remains whether the leukocyte genomic response to trauma or sepsis is dependent upon the initiating stimulus. Previous work illustrated poor correlations between historical models of murine trauma and sepsis (i.e.

A Detailed Characterization of the Dysfunctional Immunity and Abnormal Myelopoiesis Induced by Severe Shock and Trauma in the Aged.

The elderly are particularly susceptible to trauma, and their outcomes are frequently dismal. Such patients often have complicated clinical courses and ultimately die of infection and sepsis. Recent research has revealed that although elderly subjects have increased baseline inflammation as compared with their younger counterparts, the elderly do not respond to severe infection or injury with an exaggerated inflammatory response.